Violence Against Women

With the emergence of numerous human rights groups as well as legal instruments in the international arena, the rights and protection of people with disabilities are increasingly being guaranteed. However, in Nigeria, people with disabilities still live at the margins due to some cultural practices that continue to discriminate against them and undermine their rights and general wellbeing. The paper is an empirical study combined with some historical investigation of some of the extant literature to make a case that (a) there is connection between culture and the discrimination, neglect and abuse of person with disabilities; and, (b) that cultural practices undermine the rights and general wellbeing of persons living with disabilities in Nigeria.

RESUMEN: El articulo examina los principios rectores del Derecho Laboral, que en general solo brindan proteccion a personas individuales sin considerar responsabilidades de cuidado hacia terceras personas, ni situaciones de desigualdad estructural o violencias cotidianas, con el objetivo de proponer una nueva lectura de los principios fundamentales del Derecho del Trabajo, buscando dar contenido al principio de igualdad y salvando las actuales distancias entre igualdad formal y material. A su vez, analiza las obligaciones estatales en materia laboral, particularmente referidas a derechos sindicales, desde una perspectiva de genero y en base al caso argentino. En primer lugar (i) se presentan algunas reflexiones para contextualizar las relaciones de genero en el mundo del trabajo, con especial enfasis en Argentina, para luego abordar (ii) las obligaciones de los Estados en materia de control e inspeccion de las relaciones laborales, (iii) el cuidado como un obstaculo para la particip...

Violence against women during the pandemic has become a problem that has affected the world and to date has caused the death of many women. Although mental health has shown a growing interest in research, it is still very susceptible to being affected. This research described the scientific literature on the challenges in the psychotherapeutic approach in victims of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. A narrative review was carried out with a search of documents in the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, using descriptors for women, violence against women, COVID-19 and Latin America. As a result, 12 studies were included, which reported that the use of helplines, digital platforms of care and teletherapy were advantageous in several Latin American countries during the pandemic; difficulties were found in the accessibility of care for cases, collapse of telephone lines, technical problems of the system and the need for training for health professionals and service providers. It can be concluded that the coping strategies most used during the pandemic were the help services, through telephone and virtual care; there was difficulty in following up and monitoring the case in the medium and long terms, so further studies could focus on it. The main limitation of this work is methodological, since a number of studies could have been excluded from the searches for not including some of the terms in the search equation.

Na úvod

Násilie je tu tak dlho, ako samotní ľudia, nakoľko sa
spája s túžbou po moci a je prirodzenou súčasťou človeka.
Agresia, ako sprievodný prejav násilia sa môže vyskytnúť
v rôznych formách, či už v individuálnej, skupinovej alebo

masovej. Agresia sa zvykne v prvom rade spájať s ohroze-
ním človeka, jeho ľudského spolužitia i samotnej existencie

ľudstva.

Agresia i násilie sú v spoločnosti vo všeobecnosti vní-
mané ako spoločensky neprijateľné javy. Násilie má mnoho

podôb, môže byť fyzické, psychické, ekonomické, sexualizo-
vané, sexuálne, vo forme mocensko-spoločenského tlaku

a pod. I prejavy násilia sú vysoko rôznorodé a môžeme tam

zahrnúť aj zdanlivo nesúvisiace podoby, ako napríklad klam-
stvo, nenávisť, závisť a pokrytectvo – teda pasívna agresia.

Práve preto, aj keď je násilie ako také odmietané vo všeobec-
nosti, v realite je veľmi často ospravedlňované, dokonca sa

poukazuje na možnosť jeho konštruktívneho využitia, a tým
dochádza k rozporuplným postojom a s tým často súvisí aj

fakt, že následne dochádza k jeho bagatelizácii a osprave-
dlňovaniu a v určitých situáciách dokonca vnímaniu ako ži-
aduceho, ak môže predísť alebo zabrániť väčšiemu násiliu,

tzv. princíp menšieho zla. Faktom však je, že násilie nie je
možné zmerať ani sčítať, ide o záležitosť, ktorá je vysoko

individuálna. Prežívanie a vnímanie hĺbky a intenzity je za-
ložené na individuálnych danostiach človeka, jeho minulých

skúsenostiach a prežitkoch, a je ovplyvnené v značnej miere
aj tým, v akej komunite človek vyrastal od jeho najútlejšieho
detstva, a ako je vnímané násilie v nej.
Obeťami násilia sa zvyknú stávať zvyčajne tí najslabší,
ktorí sa nevedia brániť dostatočne, a to najmä deti, ženy,
starší a hendikepovaní.

Násilie páchané na ženách sa vyskytuje vo všetkých kraji-
nách, socio-ekonomických skupinách i vierovyznaniach, bez

ohľadu na rasu či politickú príslušnosť, no paradoxne spo-
ločným faktorom býva práve to, že sa najčastejšie vyskytuje

v domácom prostredí, pričom útočníkmi bývajú výrazne naj-
častejšie manželia, respektíve intímni partneri žien.

Domestic violence is a serious public health problem with numerous negative health consequences for women and children. The exterior natural environment affords counseling and safe accommodation and can function to help survivors start a new life without the ongoing threat of future violence. Based on an in-depth literature review, a theoretical framework is presented. The findings suggest that appropriately designed green outdoor environments that provide person-nature therapeutic activities indeed meaningfully support the health of women and children residents. This literature analysis yielded key patterns in terms of shelter residents’ needs and preferences concerning design in relation to potential health affordances. Priorities for planners and designers are reported, although empirically based health outcomes linked directly to building typology and/or person-nature variables remain somewhat inconclusive at this time. Regardless, substantive interconnections between this theor...

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a violencia de genero na perspectiva de mulheres inseridas no cotidiano de uma comunidade urbana. Metodo: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, ancorado na Fenomenologia Social. Os atores sociais foram mulheres adultas que participaram de dez oficinas educativas sobre violencia contra a mulher. Resultados: a analise desvelou o vivido na comunidade, enfatizando a percepcao do outro em relacao ao fenomeno social da violencia. Interpretaram-se nas categorias empiricas: o genero; suas caracteristicas; as formas de enfrentamento locais; os tipos de violencia; e os motivos do silencio destas mulheres. Conclusao: ao considerar as vivencias das mulheres e suas relacoes sociais, entendendo como a propria mulher, vitima principal da violencia baseada no genero, pensa, visualiza e desenvolve relacoes sobre o tema, permitiu uma compreensao mais ampla do fenomeno, abarcando questoes culturais (experiencias), historicas (conhecimento) e sociais (crencas, preconceitos, sent...

Este estudio analiza las condiciones de realización de la mediación penal en delitos de violencia de género y pareja en Chile, mecanismo propio de la justicia restaurativa que no ha sido aplicado a estos tipos de casos en dicho país. Concretamente, esta investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y sustentada en el análisis documental, muestra cómo en otras naciones se ha utilizado aquella mediación como una opción válida para mitigar y prevenir la escalada de violencia, mejorando la seguridad futura de las víctimas. Específicamente, la pesquisa identificó factores que posibilitan u obstaculizan la incorporación del sistema restaurativo en el tratamiento de estos delitos. Se concluye que el carácter punitivo del derecho penal de tipo acusatorio implementado en Chile no ha permitido aminorar y prevenir la violencia. Es así como los resultados muestran que no han existido a la fecha soluciones reparadoras, conforme a las expectativas de las víctimas. Por el contrario, se evidencia un aumento sostenido del índice de delitos de amenazas, lesiones y femicidios en Chile, por lo cual parece necesario ofrecer un abordaje integral y sistémico, que prevenga la escalada de violencia y considere los aspectos íntimos y relacionales de las parejas desde un enfoque que supere el punitivismo y se adentre en el cambio y reparación psicológica de las partes.

The aim of the article is to show how childhood research contributes to the understanding of culture and society. Through examples taken from different studies in child-institutions, it is argued that not only do such studies extend our knowledge of children's lives and contemporary conditions of childhood, they also provide insights into fundamental cultural values as well as in social divisions and reproductive dynamics of society.

This chapter discusses the unsettling issue of how investigation processes in pursuit of uncovering the most horrifying terror plots in the history of Bangladesh are politicized in order to bring opposition party members into the spotlight, and how inefficient trial processes lead to innocent people getting harassed. Even more troubling, the anti-terrorism laws that were enacted, the counterterrorism agencies that were put in place, and the surveillance technologies acquired in the last two decades in the name of fighting terrorism have eventually helped normalize violations of privacy rights and human rights. Moreover, the ruling regime attempts to portray the main opposition party as a mere terrorist group but declares itself as the only reliable partner in the global war on terror in order to maintain support from regional powers like India and Western powers in general. It is therefore impossible to ignore the links between the politics of counterterrorism and Bangladesh’s authoritarian rule. Accordingly, the laudatory discourse about Bangladesh’s apparent success in combatting terrorism ought to be studied with caution.

The gedogan woven fabric business is one of the businesses that can contribute to improving the community's economy as well as being supporting tourism product activities in East Lombok Regency. Women have the power to be more empowered in improving family welfare. This study aims to determine the role of women in the development of the gedogan weaving business in the Sentosa Sasak Tenun Group at Pringgasela Tourism Village, East Lombok Regency. In this study using qualitative and quantitative data types, while the data sources used are primary and secondary. Data collection techniques in this study using observation techniques, in-depth interviews and documentation. The informant determination technique used is purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results showed that the role of women in the Sentosa Sasak Tenun Group on productive roles was as weaving craftsmen, farmers, farm laborers, farm laborers, breede...

Violence against Women has become a global concern because this specific issue affects the life of women adversely. Domestic violence is most persistent form of Violence against Women. It is a severe violation of human rights. Many demographic, economic, psychological factors may be responsible for the domestic violence but social factors contain prime importance in this regard. Pakistani society is

This research article explores the profound influence of digital media on Third-Wave Feminist Literature, with a specific emphasis on online activism and feminist expression. The rise of Third-Wave Feminism marked a significant shift in feminist ideologies, advocating for intersectionality and inclusivity. With the advent of digital technologies and the widespread use of the internet, a new era of feminist literature emerged, reshaping the landscape of activism and literary expression.

Through a qualitative approach, this study analyzes various online platforms and content to comprehend the extent of digital media's impact on Third-Wave Feminist Literature. Case studies, content analysis, and surveys of online feminist communities provide valuable insights into the transformative role of digital media in contemporary feminist activism.

The research uncovers the rise of online feminist activism, where digital platforms facilitate discourse, organize protests, and advocate for gender equality. Online campaigns have shown substantial real-world impact, underlining the effectiveness of digital activism in galvanizing social change.

Furthermore, the study examines the significance of digital platforms in fostering a diverse body of feminist literature. Online publishing has provided marginalized voices with unprecedented accessibility, enabling them to challenge patriarchal norms and traditional narratives.

Social media's role in feminist expression is also scrutinized, with analysis focusing on the impact of hashtags, memes, and viral content in raising awareness and promoting solidarity among feminists worldwide.

While celebrating the transformative potential of digital media on Third-Wave Feminist Literature, the research also acknowledges the challenges posed by online harassment and trolling. Additionally, the study explores the future prospects of feminist literature in the digital era, envisioning further integration of technology to amplify marginalized voices and dismantle oppressive structures.

In conclusion, this research illuminates the multifaceted impact of digital media on Third-Wave Feminist Literature, highlighting its pivotal role in redefining feminist activism and literary expression in contemporary society.

La agenda discutida en estos Foros ha sido amplia, pues la complejidad social de las regiones en que se enfoca y los problemas que aquejan a sus habitantes lo son. Entre los temas más apremiantes, se incluyen autonomía, autogobierno y libre determinación; procesos político-electorales en contextos de conflicto, violencia y camuflaje partidario; defensa territorial contra procesos extractivos -minería, monocultivo, represas-, procesos migratorios transnacionales, y geopolítica del sureste mexicano y Centroamérica. Siendo todos estos fenómenos de dimensiones gigantescas y causas estructurales, los diagnósticos y las salidas son complejos y, generalmente, limitados. Por ello, ha sido de gran relevancia escuchar las respuestas surgidas en las comunidades, las organizaciones y los movimientos sociales...

Qualitative responses that 187 service providers gave to a question assessing whether agencies designed to help intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors should screen for mental health-related problems were analyzed using a version of the concept mapping approach. Nine central clusters emerged from the data analysis, which can be linked to three underlying themes: how the identification of mental health-related problems (i.e., labeling) could be misused when working with IPV survivors, ways screening can be appropriately used to help IPV survivors, and barriers that prevent screening. Findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed approaches across all aspects of service delivery.

This study explored the associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depressive symptoms with employment, social support, and subjective functioning in 100 women who were seeking mental health assistance after intimate partner violence. Depressive disorders showed significant associations with low levels of social support, diminished self-esteem, reduced quality of life, and elevated negative social problem-solving orientation. PTSD severity was significantly associated with low self-esteem and elevated negative problem orientation, while severity of GAD was only associated with negative problem orientation. Results are discussed in light of current service models for women who have experienced intimate partner violence.

In most Indian households; a male child is given preferential treatment over a female child. India represents one of the most adverse Child Sex Ratio (CSR) figures amongst the Southeast Asian Countries, reflecting a highly undesirable reversal of the norms of nature. Girls face discrimination before birth, at birth and throughout their lives at the hands of their families. The specific objectives of the paper are to examine the Sex Ratio in India and in its different states, implications of low sex-ratio and some suggestive measures to improve it.

The purpose of this study was to determine the communication strategy used and the causes of conflict between daughter-in-law and mother-in-law in Cianjur District. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method with the theory of Relational Dialectics. The subjects of this study were daughters-in-law who have or have lived with their in-laws from one to five years. The data analysis technique in this study was Miles and Huberman with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the communication strategies used by the daughter-in-law in dealing with conflicts with the in-laws are: leaving, being silent and being patient. The causes of conflict faced by the daughter-in-law, namely: The conflict that occurs is the difference of opinion in terms of taking care of the house and raising children as well as biological factors. Menantu perempuan biasanya lebih banyak mengalami konflik dengan mertua perem...

Researching South Asian women who have departed social norms and married outside the social conventions of their culture widens our understanding and knowledge on the topic of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This paper will investigate how the women participating in the research navigated the socialisation of arranged marriage and expectations on them as women, and how this influenced their decisions to remain in violent and abusive relationships. Often without family support or the “safety net” of an arranged marriage, the women stayed in abusive relationships longer than they would have done if the marriage had been arranged. The findings show that the women’s experiences of leaving the relationship are mediated by the context of forming an intimate relationship. A qualitative research approach using Black Feminist Standpoint Epistemology employed thematic analysis to give voice to South Asian women’s experiences and insights into their experiences of, and responses to, leaving a...

Com vistas a trazer as primeiras reflexões sobre a violência que atinge as mulheres em três países: Brasil, Colômbia e México, apresenta-se uma
análise dos dados inseridos na plataforma EVA. O entendimento sobre como esses diversos tipos de violência ocorrem contribuirá para o planejamento de políticas mais efetivas de proteção.

Kekerasan seksual yang terjadi pada seorang perempuan dan anak dikarenakan sistem tata nilai yang mendudukan perempuan dan anak sebagai makhluk yang lemah dan lebih rendah dibandingkan laki-laki. Sangat diperlukan pemahaman hukum yang baik kepada masyarakat terkait kekerasan seksual agar mampu untuk bertindak ketika mengalami kekerasan seksual. Suatu perbuatan dapat dikategorikan sebagai kekerasan seksual adalah

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dampak kekerasan seksual pada anak dan penanganannya. Pembahasan artikel menggunakan studi literatur dari berbagai sumber bacaan yang bertujuan untuk dapat mengemukakan teori yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan anak, faktor penyebab kekerasan seksual pada anak dan dampak serta penanganan kekerasan seksual pada anak. Hasil analisis menggambarkan bahwa dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kekerasan seksual pada anak sangat luas meliputi kondisi fisik, emosional dan juga psikis yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan anak yang merupakan korban kekerasan seksual. Dengan berbagai macam dampak yang dapat timbul maka diperlukan upaya untuk mengantisipasi munculnya dampak kekerasan dan penanganan yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang berwajib. Selain mendapatkan penanganan dari pihak berwajib dan juga profesionalitas dalam kasus ini pekerja sosial juga mampu menanganai kasus kekerasan seksual yang terjadi pada anak.

Semakin pesatnya kemajuan teknologi membawa dampak positif dan juga negatif. Dampak negatif semakin diperkuat dengan terjadinya kekerasan seksual melalui media sosial. Pelaku menemukan cara mudah untuk melakukan aksi kejahatannya, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa sosial mediah mempunyai pengaruh yang besar pada era sekarang, semua orang sulit lepas dari genggaman teknologi karena semua pekerjaan dan komunikasi banyak melibatkan teknologi terlebih lagi teknologi memudahkan manusia untuk bekerja, berkomunikasi, dan mencari informasi. Pelecehan seksual tidak hanya melalui tindak kekerasan fisik dan pemerkosaan saja namun tindakan yang dilakukan dapat menunjukkan pendekatan-pendekatan terkait seks melalui chat, telepon, video call, ataupun postingan yang dapat dinyatakan sebagai tindak pelecehan seksual.

GBV stands for Gender-Based Violence, which is a form of violence that is directed against an individual based on their gender. It includes any harmful act or threat of harm that is committed against a person because of their gender, or that disproportionately affects individuals of a particular gender.