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Orbis
Introduction It is widely believed that terrorist groups are rational actors that use violence to achieve their political demands. i An emerging empirical finding over the past decade, however, is that certain types of attacks may be more politically beneficial than others. Numerous empirical studies find that selective violence against military targets is typically more effective than indiscriminate violence against civilian targets. ii Civilian attacks carry substantial downside risks by strengthening the resolve of target countries, iii eroding their confidence in negotiations, iv lowering the odds of government concessions, v eroding popular support for the group, vi and expediting its demise. vii Why, then, do terrorist groups so often strike civilian targets given the potential political costs? viii Non-strategic explanations for civilian targeting are currently en vogue. The most common explanation hinges on the ideological orientation of the perpetrators. In the 1990s, researchers identified a " new " type of terrorism characterized by increased civilian targeting in the name of
Georgetown University-Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
Waves of Modern Terrorism: Examining the Past and Predicting the Future2017 •
David C. Rapoport’s “The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism,” is one of the most influential and widely debated theories in the field of terrorism studies. Following the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, Rapoport created his theoretical framework for modern terrorism by grouping previously indistinguishable patterns of political violence into four distinct waves, each lasting a generation and inspired by ideologies derived from anarchism, anti-colonialism, socialism, and religious fundamentalism. Since 1979 the world has existed within the fourth “Religious” wave that will dissipate by 2025 if the generational life cycle remains constant. Rapoport’s model will serve as the foundational source for this thesis. It will discuss the importance of the wave model and how it can be useful in counterterrorism efforts. Rapoport argues that academics and governments unduly focus on specific organizations and contemporary events, which make us less sensitive to generati...
2004 •
Air and Space Power Journal--AF
A Different Type of War: Practices and War in Countering TerrorismLoading Preview
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Studies in Conflict & Terrorism
Constructing Expertise: Terrorist Recruitment and “Talent Spotting” in the PIRA, Al Qaeda, and ISIS2016 •
Studies in Conflict and Terrorism
Counterterrorism as War: Identifying the Dangers, Risks, and Opportunity Costs of U.S. Strategy Toward Al Qaeda and Its AffiliatesTerrorism and Political Violence
Hurdles to International Terrorist Alliances: Lessons From al Qaeda's Experience2015 •
2017 •
Terrorism and Political Violence
“Al-Qaeda’s Miscommunication War: The Terrorism Paradox,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Autumn 2005).2005 •
Terrorism and Political Violence
Al-Qaeda and the Nature of Religious Terrorism2004 •
2010 •
Routledge Handbook of U.S. Counterterrorism and Irregular Warfare Operations
Countering extremist organizations in the information domain2021 •
International Relations (2022)
A "Continuing, Imminent" Threat: The Temporal Frameworks Enabling Political Violence in the US War on Terrorism