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2012, … of Chromatography A
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT)
IJERT-Ion Mobility Spectrometry for the Detection of Explosives2013 •
https://www.ijert.org/ion-mobility-spectrometry-for-the-detection-of-explosives https://www.ijert.org/research/ion-mobility-spectrometry-for-the-detection-of-explosives-IJERTV2IS100493.pdf Due to the major societal problems associated with explosives abuse, the detection of illicit explosives is currently an area of major research interest. Several broad categories of detection techniques are important, including imaging methods such as X-ray based technologies, the use of trained canines, and trace chemical detection utilizing various "sniffer" technologies. The last category involves indirect detection of a explosives by collecting and analyzing minute quantities of vapor or particle contamination. Several technologies have been developed for this type of application, of which ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is perhaps the most widely utilized. This technology has a number of advantageous features, including the potential ability to detect almost all explosives of interest, moderate cost, near instantaneous response time, and sensitivity in the sub-parts per billion ranges in some cases. The present paper describes basic principle, instrumentation of Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), advatages, disadvatages, applications and the results.
2001 •
Ion mobility spectrometry has become the most successful and widely used technology for the detection of trace levels of nitro-organic explosives on handbags and carry on-luggage in airports throughout the US. The low detection limits are provided by the efficient ionization process, namely, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) reactions in negative polarity. An additional level of confidence in a measurement is imparted by characterization of ions for mobilities in weak electric fields of a drift tube at ambient pressure. Findings from over 30 years of investigations into IMS response to these explosives have been collected and assessed to allow a comprehensive view of the APCI reactions characteristic of nitro-organic explosives. Also, the drift tube conditions needed to obtain particular mobility spectra have been summarized. During the past decade, improvements have occurred in IMS on the understanding of reagent gas chemistries, the influence of temperature on ion stability, and sampling methods. In addition, commercial instruments have been refined to provide fast and reliable measurements for on-site detection of explosives. The gas phase ion chemistry of most explosives is mediated by the fragile CONO(2) bonds or the acidity of protons. Thus, M(-) or M.Cl(-) species are found with only a few explosives and loss of NO(2), NO(3) and proton abstraction reactions are common and complicating pathways. However, once ions are formed, they appear to have stabilities on time scales equal to or longer than ion drift times from 5-20 ms. As such, peak shapes in IMS are suitable for high selectivity and sensitivity.
Analytica Chimica Acta
A review of recent, unconventional applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)2011 •
Analytical Chemistry
Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Its Applications in Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents2010 •
Solid State Phenomena
Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Application to the Analysis of Gases and Vapours2014 •
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a technique used for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWA), drugs, toxic industrial compounds (TIC), and explosives, when rapid detection should be performed (from a few to several seconds) for trace amounts of these substances. An important development of IMS technology is differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS). DMS is also known as Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS). Detection possibilities of apparatus using the DMS method are based on the occurrence of the different mobilities of ions (K) in the alternating electric field. This dependence is characterized by the alpha function (α).This presentation shows methods and examples of the identification of chosen substances. The results for the dependence of coefficient α are specific for different types of substances. This specificity is used to identify vapours and gases.
2015 •
Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used and 'well-known' technique of ion separation in the gaseous phase based on the differences in ion mobilities under an electric field. All IMS instruments operate with an electric field that provides space separation, but some IMS instruments also operate with a drift gas flow that provides also a temporal separation. In this review we will summarize the current IMS instrumentation. IMS techniques have received an increased interest as new instrumentation and have become available to be coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). For each of the eight types of IMS instruments reviewed it is mentioned whether they can be hyphenated with MS and whether they are commercially available. Finally, out of the described devices, the six most-consolidated ones are compared. The current review article is followed by a companion review article which details the IMS hyphenated techniques (mainly gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) and the f...
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Journal of Hazardous Materials
Detection of explosives by positive corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry2010 •
2012 •
Applied Spectroscopy
Trace Explosive Detection in Aqueous Samples by Solid-Phase Extraction Ion Mobility Spectrometry (SPE-IMS)2003 •
Analytical Sciences
Processing of the Signal from Detectors Used in Ion Mobility Spectrometry2010 •
2004 •
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2009 •
Analytica chimica acta
Rapid multivariate curve resolution applied to identification of explosives by ion mobility spectrometry2001 •
2014 •
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Performance advances in ion mobility spectrometry through combination with high speed vapor sampling, preconcentration and separation techniques1994 •
International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Chemical standards for ion mobility spectrometry: a review2009 •
2011 •
Analytical Chemistry
Ion mobility detector for gas chromatography with a direct photoionization source1983 •
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
Mobile Gas Chromatographs Coupled with Mass and Ion Mobility Spectrometers and their ApplicationsForensic Science International
Detection of gunpowder stabilizers with ion mobility spectrometry2007 •
Journal of Separation Science
Analysis of the volatile chemical markers of explosives using novel solid phase microextraction coupled to ion mobility spectrometry2008 •
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Differential mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry: The design of a new mass spectrometer for real-time chemical analysis in the field2010 •
2007 •
Analytica Chimica Acta
Enhanced selectivity in ion mobility spectrometry analysis of complex mixtures by alternate reagent gas chemistry1995 •
International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ion mobility spectrometer—field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer-mass spectrometry2011 •
Analytica Chimica Acta
Closed tube sample introduction for gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry analysis of water contaminated with a chemical warfare agent surrogate compound2006 •
2013 •
Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Investigation of drift gas selectivity in high resolution ion mobility spectrometry with mass spectrometry detection2002 •