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The Drakkar was the Viking war ship, the Dromon that of the Byzantine world. The Vikings and Byzantines collided, cooperated, fought for and against each other. Since the Dromon (and other galleys in the Med) was rowed standing up, perhaps a look at the Drakkar or other Viking style ship did also. The Dromon went on as galleys up to the 1700's while the Drakkar got fat and short and became the head of long line of sailing ships.
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This thesis is a study of the Jábega boat, a traditional fishing vessel from Málaga. My intention is to give a general appreciation of this type of boat, by means of an exhaustive analysis of a particular craft, the Rosario y Ana. This boat, which is more than 70 years old, is a perfect example of what these fishing vessels were like, and it clearly embodies a form of cultural syncretism. In the Jábega boat, we can find oculi or eyes on the sides, typical Spanish flowers, a Christian Virgin or a snake head at the end of the espolón or beak. All this iconography may seem unrelated at first, however it will be of great help in detecting the origins of this kind of vessel. Thus, before going into all the different elements and features that define these boats I will present historical research, analyze its past and try to identify its most ancient ancestor, so as to understand their evolution. Secondly, a small chapter about the fishing technique they used to practice (Jábega) will be included. It would be unfair not to do so, since this fishing technique did not only give these vessels their name but also their form. Next, the structural analysis of the Jábega boat will begin. Most of this information will come from the knowledge of local people, and therefore, local vocabulary will be featured. Because these boats have so many unique elements, together with the fact that they are limited to a very close and specific community of Andalucía, some of this vocabulary is untranslatable. Most of the words do not appear in Spanish dictionaries. Thus, many terms will not be translated, instead, a small glossary and several drawings will be added to this project to facilitate the readers’ comprehension. Finally, and as I will later mention in my objectives, with this analysis I intend to uphold the value of this forgotten and nearly extinct maritime heritage, and show it to the rest of the world. For this reason, I will dedicate the conclusion of this project to convincing the reader that these boats should be protected, because surprisingly, they are not yet considered to be of cultural interest, and quite possibly, by the time they are bestowed their proper recognition, it will be too late. Who knows, perhaps this is the last opportunity to record their existence.
Wachsmann, S., 2010. Ahhotep’s Silver Ship Model: The Minoan Context. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 2(3): 31-41.
A 14th-century illuminated copy of the Romance of Alexander the Great, now in Venice, offers unique pictorial information for the galleys operating in that period in the Black Sea. The manuscript, commissioned by the emperor of Trebizond and copied in the same region in the mid-14th century, includes ship images that almost certainly portray contemporary galleys with crews from Italy. The presence of Italian merchants and sailors in the Levant is well documented by historical sources, but this is the first clue for the presence of contracted sailors or mercenaries in the empire of Trebizond.
Underwater surveys carried out along the Israeli coast in recent decades have revealed numerous shipwrecks, and cargoes and artifacts associated with ancient ships. Among the finds two groups of lead artifacts are of interest. These objects will be described, and their possible use in ancient maritime activities will be discussed below. One group is comprised of five lead bands bent into cylinders which were found at Neve Yam . Another assemblage comprises four elongated bars of trapezoidal crosssection,which were recovered from the northern bay at Atlit . Nail . holes found at the sides of the bands, and negative impressions of woodcarvings in the bottoms of the bars indicate that both groups of artifactswere fixed to wooden objects.
Summery of forty years of underwater archaeology in Israel . main underwater sites, harbors, shipwrecks and cargoes. the chapter was published by :Galili.E,' Raban Avner and Sharvit J. in THROPIS 7 part B
2011, International Journal of Nautical …
Achill yawls, originally introduced to Ireland as ships' boats aboard Norwegian merchantmen, developed into distinct working vessels along Achill Island's shores during the 19th century. These boats were subsequently modified for recreational racing in the mid-20th century. Despite changes to their design, they are often nostalgically viewed as traditional symbols of an Achill islander identity, though their popularity may have been prompted by late-19th-century British legislation. The authors take an ethnographic approach in interpreting Achill yawls over time, contextualizing their social functions through an exploration of primary historical and photographic archives, extant vessels, and interviews with Achill islanders.
2010, THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History …
Oared warships dominated the Mediterranean from the Bronze Age down to the development of cannon. Purpose-built warships were specifically designed to withstand the stresses of ramming tactics and high intensity impacts. Propelled by the oars of skilled rowing crews, squadrons of these ships could work in unison to outmaneuver and attack enemy ships. In 241 B.C. off the northwestern coast of Sicily, a Roman fleet of fast ramming warships intercepted a Carthaginian warship convoy attempting to relieve Hamilcar Barca’s besieged troops atop Mount Eryx (modern day Erice). The ensuing naval battle led to the ultimate defeat of the Carthaginian forces and an end to the First Punic War (264–241 B.C.). Over the course of the past 12 years, the Egadi Islands Archaeological Site has been under investigation producing new insights into the warships that once patrolled the wine dark sea. The ongoing archaeological investigation has located Carthaginian helmets, hundreds of amphora, and 11 rams that sank during the course of the battle. This research uses the recovered Egadi 10 ram to attempt a conjectural reconstruction of a warship that took part in the battle. It analyzes historical accounts of naval engagements during the First Punic War in order to produce a narrative of warship innovation throughout the course of the war. It employs experimental three-dimensional reconstructions in the Rhinoceros and Orca 3D software based on archaeological evidence in order to determine basic hull dimensions and fundamental characteristics of the Egadi 10 warship’s design. Finally, it compares the resulting reconstruction to Polybius’ accounts of the warships that sank at the site.
2015, International Symposium on East Anatolia—South Caucasus Cultures: Proceedings II
2009
2012
There are many informations with more details than the other books that I read before and most imp. thing is the book written with chronological order
2018, Historic Ships
In the XVII century, when one of the naval culture development center was focused mainly in the Mediterranean area, disciplines such as geometry, mathematics, static and hydrodynamics had not yet been studied and early naval architecture treatises were still influenced by empirical and descriptive knowledge typical of an oral rather than a scientific tradition. Precisely is in this context that, in 1626, that Joseph Furttenbach (1591-1667) published Architectura Navalis in Ulm. In his treatise he provides a summary of technical descriptions and a detailed account of the construction of sailing boats, according to the Italian way of building, based on direct observation of shipyards. Furttenbach relies on geometric drawings and a metric system of proportions to describe these techniques. Exactly for this reason, the Architectura Navalis is considered one of the first shipbuilding treaties, and it has been used as a model for many authors of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century.
This thesis concerns the discussion regarding the adoption of the sail in Scandinavia. It is the aim of this thesis to assess the prevailing theory that the sail was a late adoption and to provide an overview for others. Firstly the problems regarding the inductive method within archaeology are discussed. Secondly the evidence is presented that is used within the discourse. Aspects that may affect their validity as premises are presented. Thirdly the arguments are presented, discussed and their strength assessed. The assessment of the arguments is based on the validity of the premise and the relevance of the premise for the theory. Since archaeology is mainly a discipline based on interpretation this assessment is unavoidably subjective. A clear methodology is therefore presented for the assessment, for which clearly defined qualitative scales are used. When the author´s own subjective judgement is used then it will be made apparent. It is thus hoped that this thesis will provide an overview of the evidence and make it possible for others to assess the strength of the prevailing theory without having to rely on assumptions made by others. It is concluded that there has been a lack of discussion regarding the representativeness of the evidence, that the constructional prerequisites for a vessel to carry a sail which have excluded an earlier use are not valid and that there are no reasons to exclude the possibility that the sail was used at an earlier date than currently thought.
1983, Australian Journal of Historical Archaeology
This study ofthe technology ofthe whaling industry in 19th century Australia originated as a part ofa wider continuing research project into whaling in southern NS. W. It is necessary to be aware of the technology and the artifacts involved in order to understand the surviving artifacts of the industry, both in a museum and an archaeological context, to understand the technology of the sites being studied, and to understand the economic implications of the industry both locally and in the colony as a whole. Because shore-based and ship-based whaling were very closely linked in the 19th century, both in their commercial operation and in their technology, it is necessary to look at these two aspects of the industry in order to arrive at an overview of whaling techniques and artifacts. The fQllowing paper by Michael Pearson, Historian in the NS. W. National Parks and Wildlife Service, looks at this technology, its sources, and the hardware associated with it.
In 1744, the Venetian sea captain Gerolamo Maria Balbi (1693– 1761) presented the Senate with a project to build a galea alla ponentina (" galley of Western design ") that would join the Venetian fleet based in Corfu. The Senate approved Balbi's project hoping that the galley of new design would restore Venice's maritime reputation after the losses of the war against the Ottomans in 1718. The construction of the galley by the Venetian shipwright Giovan Battista Fausto lasted more than two years and was sent to Corfu in 1746. However, the newly built galley proved to be unseaworthy due to its faulty design and was sent back to Venice where it lay abandoned in the Arsenal until its dismissal in 1753. This article discusses Balbi's galley, which offers a unique glimpse into the technical experimentation in ship design in the Arsenal during the last decades of the Republic of Venice.
Recent excavations at Yenikapı in Istanbul, Turkey related to the Marmaray Project have unearthed the remains of Constantinople’s Theodosian Harbour, including 37 Byzantine shipwrecks of 5th- to 11th-century date. Eight of these shipwrecks, six round ships and two of the first long ships, or galleys, to be excavated from the Byzantine period, were studied by archaeologists from the Institute of Nautical Archaeology. These well-preserved shipwrecks are an important new source of information on the maritime commerce of Constantinople and the gradual shift from shell-based to skeleton-based shipbuilding in the Mediterranean during the second half of the first millennium AD.
2018, JRM
kreMer (UniverSity nOva OF LiSBOn-POrtekiz/POrtUgaL), MiCheL FUChS (LaUSanne UniverSity-ISviçre/SwiSS), kUtaLMiS gÖrkay (ankara ÜniverSiteSi-tÜrkiye), anne-Marie gUiMier-SOrBetS (aieMa-FranSa/FranCe), werner JOBSt (aUStrian aCaDeMy OF SCienCeS-avUStUrya/ aUStria), I. hakan Mert (BUrSa ULUDag ˘ ÜniverSiteSi-tÜrkiye), Maria LUz NEIRA JIMÉNEZ (UniverSiDaD CarLOS iii De MaDriD-iSPanya-SPain), aSher OvaDiah (teL aviv UniverSity-ISraiL/iSraeL), MehMet ÖnaL (harran ÜniverSiteSi-tÜrkiye), DaviD ParriSh (PUrDUe UniverSity-a.B.D./U.S.a), gÜrCan POLat (ege ÜniverSiteSi-tÜrkiye), Marie-PatriCia raynaUD (CnrS PariS-FranSa/FranCe), Derya AHIN (BUrSa ULUDag ˘ ÜniverSiteSi-tÜrkiye), MUStaFa AHIN(BUrSa ULUDag ˘ ÜniverSiteSi-tÜrkiye), y. SeLçUk ener (gazi ÜniverSiteSi-tÜrkiye), eMine tOk (ege ÜniverSiteSi-tÜrkiye), PatriCia wittS (aieMa-BirLeŞik kraLLik/UniteD kingDOM), LiCinia n.C. wrenCh (new UniverSity OF LiSBOn-POrtekiz/POrtUgaL) OFFPRINT / AYRIBASIM
This study originated in the new commentary on chapters II, 44-45 of the Book of Ceremonies that I prepare for the forthcoming Paris edition of this vast compendium. The core of my argument resides in a new analysis of figures provided in De cerim. II, 44 for the Byzantine military personnel of all categories mobilized for the Syrian campaign of 910. From a study of these figures emerges a new concept of dromon that takes shape in the early tenth century. This concept appears firmly established by the time of the Cretan campaign of 949, as it is presented in figures in De cerim. II, 45. Thus, our data shows how the notion of dromon evolves over the first half of the tenth century. Grasping this short-term evolution creates the incentive to extend the observation in time and to examine the meaning invested in the term dromon from its inception. Therefore, my first chapter sketches the early history of the dromon and the emergence of the Byzantine navy, the second chapter explores the evidence for dromons in the Book of Ceremonies, while the third focuses on the supplies- and horse-transports, the pamphyloi.
2002
This paper presents a Roman ship that was excavated in 2003 near the castellum Laurium (Woerden, the Netherlands). The ship, called the Woerden 7, was built in 162/163 AD and shows all the characteristics of a Roman barge or cargo ship of the Zwammerdam type. There are, however, two remarkable aspects, which make the Woerden 7 stand out. First, it was found to have had a oar arrangement, which presumes that the ship could be moved by manpower (upstream). Second, next to woods from German soil, Dutch oak woods had been used in the primary construction of the ship. This demonstrates that the ship was probably built on a yard somewhere in the Dutch river area. These findings have shed new lights on river transportation and shipbuilding along the limes of Germania Inferior.
2019, Mare Nostrum
Most slaves in the Greek world were imported non-Greeks and their offspring. Yet little is known of the entry into slavery of individuals from the non-Greek periphery. Far more promising for studying entry into slavery is a less numerically significant process, piracy, where the capture and sale of individuals - mainly Greeks - is extensively documented. Piracy was both a form of labour in itself, and a means of acquiring labour. The aim of this article is to explore the pragmatic aspects of capture and sale, as well as the extent to which the practice of ransoming prisoners kept captives away from entering the slave supply, by studying the pirate crew's work, the technology at its disposal, and the fate of its victims.
Contrary to accepted wisdom, amateur rowing did not begin in London, or at the Eton or Westminster. Recreational rowing can be shown to have existed at Oxford at least as early as 1769, and was clourishing by the end of the 1790s. The first rowing race between two clubs established for the purpose occurred between Brasenose College and Jesus College at Oxford in 1815.
A few years ago while researching another subject, I ran across an intriguing letter concerning vessels being gathered to convey men and materiel over the Delaware River in summer 1777. The dramatic crossing of that river by Washington's army prior to the Battle of Trenton in December 1776 was effected in hastily gathered Durham boats (used in the river trade) and ferry-flats; by contrast the 1777 vessels were built for army use and intended to serve as ferries across the Delaware for an extended period.1 Thomas Mifflin, then quartermaster general of the army, wrote from Coryell's Ferry, 8 June 1777: We have here 3 large Artillery Flats, [and] four Scows, each of which will carry a loaded Wagon with Horses, 4 flat boats, each to carry 80 Men, 13 Boats on Wagons at this place and 5 others on the Way 6 Miles from this Ferry each of which Wagon Boats will carry 40 Men[,] All which will transport 3 p[ieces]. Artillery with Matrosses & Horses, 4 Wagons & Horses, and 1000 Men at a Try.2 The diversity of craft in this one description is significant; all were flat bottomed vessels, but due to variations in size and construction, each type had differing attributes and abilities. While the larger flatboats gathered by Mifflin at the Ferry could not be easily transported overland, many were small enough to accompany the army when mounted on specially-made carriages; such "Boats on Wagons" would be used throughout the war. Carrying capacities also varied; some craft were intended to ferry wheeled vehicles and horses ("Scows" and "Artillery Flats"), others to carry troops ("4 flat boats, each to carry 80 Men"), while a few vessels could transport both. As I pursued the subject, more information on Continental Army river craft surfaced, so much that it seemed only natural to do an analysis of the vessels used. With this resolution the proverbial can of worms popped open. Even given the limitations of including only boats used on inland waterways the number of different types is a bit daunting, ranging from "Round futtock" boats to pettiaugers, scows to sloops. In addition, many of the vessels in question were common sights on the waterways and of simple construction; because of this, knowledge of them seems to have been taken for granted, making detailed descriptions rare. Though by no means an exhaustive study, the most important vessels, along with some lesser-known craft, and their attributes are covered. The following craft are examined below: barge schooner bateau scow Durham boat shallop ferry-flat skiff flatbottom boat sloop galley "Waggon Boat" (actually a bateau transported overland via special carriage) gunboat whaleboat gundalow wherry pettiauger xebec or zebec "Round futtock boat"
2009, Journal of Maritime Archaeology
Ottoman sources from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries tell us a great deal about naval finances or dockyard operations. Indeed, the logistics of the Ottoman have been studied reasonably well. However, the Ottoman sources are virtually silent about the people involved in these naval operations. In this article the manpower will be in focus, with particular emphasis on the oarsmen who manned the galleys, the captives and criminals, and the medical treatment offered to them. The resulting discussion allows us to gain insights into the experiences of non-elite or behind the scenes Ottomans involved in the navy—whose voices are difficult to recover—toward the end of the seventeenth century. This article also indirectly contributes to the growing scholarship in recent years on Ottoman slavery.
2010, Boston Studies for the Philosophy and History of Science, Dordrecht
8000 Definitions in Navigation, Seamanship, Rigging, Meteorology, Astronomy, Naval Architecture, Average, Ship Economics, Hydrography, Cargo Stowage, Marine Engineering, Ice Terminology, Buoyage, Yachting, etc. BY C. W. T. LAYTON, F. R. A. S., M. R. I. N.. Assoc. R. I. N. A. REVISED BY PETER CLISSOLD Commander R. N. R. (Retd.), Master Mariner, Younger Brother of Trinity House, Fellow of the Royal Institute of Navigation. THIS EDITION REVISED BY Captain A. G. W. MILLER, Extra Master
2018, Y. Stouraitis, A Companion to the Byzantine Culture of War, 300-1204, Leiden / Boston
1987, Raiyyet Rüsumû: Essays presented to Halil Inalcik on his Seventieth Birthday by his Colleagues and Students/Journal of Turkish Studies 11 (1987)
2019, Rowing at La Salle College High School
Chapter One is titled "Beginnings of Scholastic Rowing in Philadelphia (1897-1926)."