History

Philippinen: Zwar erließ die Regierung vor fast 20 Jahren ein umfassendes Abfallwirtschaftsgesetz, doch die Umsetzung verläuft lokal sehr verschieden. Informelle Müllsammler*innen besorgen den Großteil der Müllentsorgung. Immerhin gibt es inzwischen in über 20 Städten Plastikverbote.

Las construcciones teóricas se abordan desde la teoría feminista y los estudios de género, una perspectiva antropológica e interseccional de las migraciones, los movimientos de mujeres y la construcción de los espacios en el contexto de un mundo globalizado. La hipótesis que se plantea en esta investigación es que los movimientos de mujeres no tienen por qué converger en espacios comunes si los objetivos y la conciencia de género son muy distintos en sus discursos, propuestas políticas y prácticas activistas

Ceramic ethnoarchaeology has been used to explore fully the chaîne opératoire and to understand all of the stages and factors involved in pottery production, such as raw material selection or paste recipes used by the potters. This work presents the results of the application of compositional analysis undertaken in the village of Pabillonis (western Sardinia, Italy), the main cooking ware production centre of the island. Pottery and local clays have been characterized using a combination of analytical techniques. By integrating the ethnographic information and the archaeometric approach, it was possible to reconstruct the operational sequence, exploring the relationship between the processing of raw materials and the functionality of the final products, and the intra‐production compositional variability.

In ihren Studien zum autoritären Charakter hatten Adorno u.a. (1953) in den vierziger Jahren »jenes Potential in der Bevölkerung der Vereinigten Staaten zu ermitteln« versucht, »das in Krisenzeiten« einer dem Faschismus vergleichbaren Bewegung »als aktive Anhänger oder doch als Mitläufer zur Verfügung stehen würde« (Adorno, 1973, S. X f). Daß das empirische Malerial für diese Untersuchung die Probandengruppe jener zwischen 1910und 1925 geborenen Mittelschicht bildete, die »in den Großstädten der Westküste« lebt (ebd., S. XI), ist deshalb bemerkenswert, weil zu Anfang der achtziger Jahre mit Männern wie Reagan, seinem Verteidigungsminister W einberger und dem Justizminister Smith derzwischen 1911 und 1917 geborene und durch sein Leben in Kalifornien geprägte Amerikaner die Regierungsgeschäfte übernommen hat, der mit seiner die staatlichen Sozialleistungen demontierenden Wirtschaftspolitik das freie Unternehmertum des 19. Jahrhunderts so wiederherzustellen sucht, wie er mit seinem gig...

Kahlil Gibran is one of the most important writers of modern Arabic literature and one of the most successful poets of English in the twentieth century. He is undoubtedly a pioneer among Arab poets and novelists writing in English and the most important figure in the Émigré literary movement. His world-wide popularity is due in large part to his universal spiritual message of love and compassion. This study, focusing on both his Arabic and English works, seeks to explore the various contextual aspects that affect all of Gibran’s works since his birth in Mount Lebanon.  It also presents a critical overview of all his works for readers and critics that seek a deeper appreciation and a more comprehensive understanding of this literary genius. The study highlights the spiritual element which serves as the link that unifies his Arabic and English works and propels them to enduring literary and popular success across cultures. Keywords: Kahlil Gibran, Āmigré Literature, Diaspora Writers, ...

There have been numerous dedicated studies on the life and works of Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931) which is understandable due to his stature and popularity in Arabic and American literatures. Nonetheless, it has been argued that the literary establishment has not given Gibran his due credit, especially in the United States, since Gibran has attained global recognition, been translated into tens of languages and sold more volumes than all other poets of America, including Walt Whitman and T.S. Eliot. This review seeks to present an overview of the studies about Gibran and highlight, when possible, the input of these studies on the spiritual aspects in his creative writings. These studies about Gibran and his works have been written in various languages, but the focus here will be on the studies published in English and Arabic, originally or in translation.

This study aimed to determine the environmental opposites between Arabic and Malay proverbs. It used contrastive descriptive method to analyze similarities and differences in environmental opposites of both proverbs. The data sources used were Arabic and Malay proverbs from various literatures. The results showed that in Malay proverbs, although the stories and events are lost, the words do not deviate far from general proverbs and particularly Arabic proverbs. Arabic and Malay proverbs environments have similar characteristics even though they use quite different word choices.

1810 yilinda ABD’nin Connecticut eyaletinde kurulan American Board (ABCFM), tum dunyada etkili olmus bir misyonerlik teskilatidir ve Osmanli devletinde faaliyet gosteren Amerikan Protestan misyon orgutlerinin en buyugu ve onemlisidir. Osmanli'daki egitim faaliyetlerine 19. yuzyilda baslayan American Board, kendisine hedef kitle olarak gayrimuslimleri secmistir. Amac, Katolik, Gregoryan veya Ortodoks olan Hiristiyanlari, Protestanliga dondurmektir. Amerikan Board’un Anadolu’daki misyonerlik faaliyetleri, 1860 yilinda Harput’ta yapilan yillik toplantida, “Bati Turkiye”, “Merkezi Turkiye” ve “Dogu Turkiye” olmak uzere uc calisma misyonuna bolunmustur.  Yonetimde kolaylik saglamasi icin misyonlar da istasyonlara ayrilmis ve yapilanmanin alt basamaklarinda ise uc/dis-istasyonlar yer almistir. ABD’nin misyonerlik faaliyetleri Osmanli Imparatorlugu’nun dagilma surecini hizlandirmis ve Amerikan hegemonyasinin dunyanin her tarafina yayilmasini saglamistir. Ermeni meselesinin olusumunda v...

Com base na nova historiografia alemã, o artigo trata de algumas formas de compartilhar a experiência, do dever da memória e do reescrever da história no que tange ao genocídio durante a guerra colonial (1904-1907) no sudoeste africano. A história e a memória passam por um processo de descolonização, tanto na Alemanha quanto na Namíbia, que transcorre por meio de petições por reparações ou protestos diante de monumentos do período (pós-)colonial ou de rituais de comemorações. Sobre essas experiências, as histórias nacionais de países africanos apresentam tensões intrínsecas ao caráter multicultural ou pluriétnico das sociedades pós-coloniais.

Desde as primeiras décadas do século XX, a moda dos banhos de mar contribuiu para despir pouco a pouco mulheres, homens e crianças no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). As mulheres foram o público-alvo preferencial dos reclames de produtos higiênicos, farmacêuticos, cosméticos e de vestuário. Para o veraneio, uma gama desses produtos foi anunciada na Revista do Globo durante a década de 1930. Com o fito de satisfazer "novos desejos" femininos por meio de novos produtos, esses anúncios permitem uma análise histórica das representações da mulher moderna, principalmente da emergência de um novo corpo feminino. O presente artigo trata da mudança nas representações do feminino na década de 1930, com base na publicidade da revista de maior circulação no Rio Grande do Sul à época.

Algumas formas de sociabilidade da Europa fin-de-siècletiveram suas similares nas colônias do além-mar. Durante o colonialismo alemão na África, a vida associativa garantiu a reprodução das sociabilidades em diferentes núcleos coloniais, principalmente cidades portuárias. Lüderitzbucht foi o primeiro porto da colônia alemã do sudoeste africano (atual Namíbia) e, por conseguinte, um dos primeiros lugares na África de emulação das sociabilidades urbanas do Segundo Império Alemão (1871-1918). A partir da análise de jornais da imprensa colonial em língua alemã, o presente artigo trata das sociabilidades numa pequena cidade portuária do sudoeste africano desde a sua incorporação ao império alemão em 1884 até a ocupação britânica em 1914.

Industrialization is expected to bring positive impacts for the indigenous people in the form of the emergence of social change. The occurred social change is expected to present sufficient room availability, especially on social income, employment opportunity, and economy. Industrialization consequences lead to spatial dispersion problems, which the policymakers do not expect. The impacts are the emergence of the new social class structure change, the high urbanization flow, life necessity fulfillment competition, and the emerging social gap. This study is expected to discover and develop a spatial dispersion model to focus on the three cities in the industrialization process in terms of income, economy, and employment opportunities. To see the compatibility among the three spatial dispersion indicators (income distribution, employment opportunity, and economy) compared to industrialization, the researchers applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach to test the hypotheses ...

The article continues the discussion of the topic related to strategies for working with historical and cultural heritage monuments that contain traces of the impact of wars and armed conflicts. Based on the exposition and funds of the CNM, the analysis of specific monuments, the form and semantic aura of which bear the «scars» of history, is carried out. Among the monuments, which are given special attention in the article, there are St. Andrew's flag from the battleship «Tsesarevich», items from the cruiser «Varyag», a fragment of the foremast from the battleship «Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky», a shot-through helmet of a marine infantry soldier found at the Sinyavino heights, a damaged propeller blade of the DB-3F bomber, etc. The article considers the status of «scarred» artifacts as «places of memory» that ensure the preservation and transmission of ideas about the military past and are an integral part of military culture. The article describes the main strategies for workin...

En años recientes el gobierno mexicano a través del CONACyT ha dado un gran impulso al desarrollo de la nanotecnología. La Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo a través del Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales ha enfocado esfuerzos de investigación en esta área con un grupo de investigadores de reconocido prestigio. En este documento se hace una breve descripción del Instituto así como de sus contribuciones en nanotecnología, las líneas de investigación que se cultivan y la infraestructura científica disponible para realizar investigación.

Đorđe Radić (1839-1922) je poznat kao prvi srpski doktor agronomskih nauka, mada on nije samo u tome čelni agronom Srbije, pa je to uzeto za opštu temu članka, sa posebnim osvrtom na oplemenjivanje i semenarstvo kulturnih biljaka. Radić je bio utemeljivač srpske agronauke, osnivač prvih poljoprivrednih škola, pisac kompleksne knjiške i časopisne literature, u koje je uveo crtež i kolor. Autor je prvih monografija o gajenju najvažnijih kulturnih biljaka i živine, suosnivač i čelnik srpskog Društva za poljsku privredu (DPP), njegov sekretar i urednik glasila, zatim prvi agro-prosvetitelj i agroistoričar, prvi citiran u svetskoj literaturi. Bio je član više od 60 društava, prvi je odnegovao sorte biljaka i meleze ovaca, jedan od prvih genetičara, oplemenjivača i semenara u svetu, a prvi u Srba. Prvi je među agronomima postao član Srpskog učenog društva i počasni član Srpske kraljevske akademije. Kralj Milan ga je 1889. godine odlikovao ordenom Sv. Save. Jednom rečju, Đorđe Radić je bio...

İslâm’ın doğru anlaşılması, temel kaynakları olan Kur’an-ı Kerim ve hadislerin maksatlarına uygun bir şekilde kavranmalarına bağlıdır. Bu gerçeği çok iyi bilen Hz. Peygamber, sözlerindeki amaçların kavranması yönünde çok vurgulu telkin ve teşviklerde bulunmuş, neticede sahâbe-i kirâm arasından hadislerin maksatlarına nüfuz edip rivayet-dirâyet bütünlüğünü sağlayan kimseler ortaya çıkmıştır. Resûl-i Ekrem’in vefatından sonra ise daha öncesinde var olmayan pek çok olay vuku bulmuş, farklı dinî anlayışlar zuhur etmiş ve bu durum fıkhü’l-hadîse/dirâyetü’l-hadîse olan ihtiyacı arttırmış; hatta hadislerin manalarını anlamak, ilmin yarısı kabul edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda zuhur eden her bir ekol de kendi prensipleri çerçevesinde rivayetleri anlama gayreti içinde olmuştur. Mesailerinin çoğunu hıfz, kitâbet, tedvin ve tasnîf faaliyetleri ile geçiren ehl-i hadîs ise rivayetleri idrak noktasında birtakım eleştirilere maruz kalmışlar hatta muhtevasını bilmeden hadis nakletmek ve bilgi hamallığı yap...