Military History

The article continues the discussion of the topic related to strategies for working with historical and cultural heritage monuments that contain traces of the impact of wars and armed conflicts. Based on the exposition and funds of the CNM, the analysis of specific monuments, the form and semantic aura of which bear the «scars» of history, is carried out. Among the monuments, which are given special attention in the article, there are St. Andrew's flag from the battleship «Tsesarevich», items from the cruiser «Varyag», a fragment of the foremast from the battleship «Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky», a shot-through helmet of a marine infantry soldier found at the Sinyavino heights, a damaged propeller blade of the DB-3F bomber, etc. The article considers the status of «scarred» artifacts as «places of memory» that ensure the preservation and transmission of ideas about the military past and are an integral part of military culture. The article describes the main strategies for workin...

In the first years after World War I, about 60,000 citizens of tsarist Russia, refugees from the civil war and the changes caused by the October Revolution, joined the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenians. Most of them were members of the middle and upper classes: mostly officers and members of the civic elite with university degrees. Some moved on soon after, to the west, and about 40,000 decided to stay in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenians. Their contribution to Serbian and Yugoslav society, science, art, culture, and other spheres of life is mostly known and well documented, as are their lives and the issues of refugee and emigrant life. There are numerous books, monographs, newspaper articles, films, and other material that testifies to the life, work, and contribution of Russian emigration to Serbia and Yugoslavia. However, even to the present day, untold stories about their lives can be revealed, such as the one we present in this article. The stor...

BATU PAHAT : Menerima anugerah Kadet Terbaik Pegawai Kadet Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan PALAPES disampaikan Sultan Johor Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar menjadi detik terindah tidak dapat dilupakan seorang anggota kadet berketurunan Siam Left Muda Wanida Seng Guan

Firearms were critical to the activities of the Queensland Native Mounted Police, a frontier force tasked with suppressing Aboriginal resistance in the colony of Queensland, Australia, between 1848 and 1929. Wider colonial processes meant that arming the Native Mounted Police was never straightforward, despite a dedicated program to standardise and update police weaponry from 1864 onwards. In this paper we use historical, archaeological and museum collections data to produce, for the first time, a definitive list of nine weapons and the ammunition known to have been issued to, and used by, the Native Mounted Police. In general, these weapons transitioned to ever more sophisticated and lethal breech-loading technology, and arms were quickly superseded, although older models were retained in use, resulting in detachments often being armed with an assortment of weaponry. This heterogeneity may have contributed to the use of different tactics by detachments in varying environmental zones. Although the identification of the weapons and ammunition outlined here has value for other contexts, the chief contribution of this research lies in its potential to provide an archaeological dataset to identify putative events of frontier conflict involving the Queensland Native Mounted Police.

The Catawba Meadows (31BK18) and Ensley (31BK468) sites, located in Burke County, North Carolina, are two Late Mississippian settlements that are associated with the Burke phase chiefdom of Joara. The Burke phase is conventionally dated from AD 1400 to 1600; the finer details of this sequence, especially how the people of Joara developed into a major polity by the mid-sixteenth-century, can be supported by the analysis of AMS radiocarbon data. This poster applies Bayesian modeling to AMS data taken from these two sites, illustrating patterns of generational continuity and change inherent in the development of the Joara Chiefdom.

Zirvede kalmak, oraya çıkmaktan zor mudur? Ortaçağ devlet geleneğinde, her açıdan zirveyi görmüş bir devletin zirvede tutunma çabaları sonuç verecek mi, yoksa zaten yarım asırdır süren kötüye gidiş, gerileme ve akabinde kaçınılmaz bir çöküş ile mi sonuçlanacaktır? Elbette cumhuriyetten beri Türk tarih müfredatını okumuş olan kişiler için yukarıdaki soruları cevaplamak kolaydır. Fakat bilinen tarihin bilinmeyen taraflarında neler yaşanmıştı? Köprülüler neyi amaçlamış ne kadarını başarmıştı? Günümüz tarihçilerinin üzerinde ittifak ettiği ender konulardan olan Köprülüler Devri’nin başarısının arka planında neler yaşanmıştı? Sorulardan anlaşılacağı üzere çalışmanın teması, Köprülü Mehmed Paşa’nın sadaretini takip eden yaklaşık yarım asırda, onların yönetimlerine istihbarî faaliyetlerin etkisinin olup olmadığıdır. Çalışmaya dayanak oluşturan kaynak grubunun başında Osmanlı Arşivi’nden temin edilen resmi evrak ile devrin nabzını tutan Osmanlı kronikleri gelmektedir. Bunlardan istifade edilerek neşredilmiş olan yerli ve yabancı çalışmalardan da yararlanılmıştır.

Four brief archaeological digging campaigns, taking place from 2017 to 2020, lead to the identification of the old Quelba/Khor Kalba (Sharjah Emirate) fortress remains, on the Oman Gulf coast, where the Portuguese, under the Gaspar Leite command, took in 1624 and they stayed about two decades. The fortress was built with mud walls, only partially laying on stone foundations, with quadrangular shape plan, measuring 50 m each side, and was protected, at least, on the two corners turned to the see, by circular plan towers. Inside the fortification walls we have found living floors made with gypsum and sand, house postholes, ovens, fire places, dirt pits and a well, as diversified artefacts remains, namely ceramics, that we can date between the late 16th and 18th centuries

The Second World War saw a sharp rise in bigamy prosecutions in Australia. A variety of factors contributed to this phenomenon, from the whirlwind nature of romances contracted during wartime to increased detection resulting from investigations into military spousal support. This article explores the connections between bigamy prosecutions, war and military enlistment through archival records and media coverage of 159 cases committed for trial across 1914 to 1945 that involved active or returned servicemen as either bigamy defendants or victims of bigamous spouses. These cases also reveal shifting attitudes towards and experiences of bigamy, marriage and gender in twentieth-century Australia.

Author(s): Tim Marshall
Publisher: Elliott & Thompson Limited, Year: 2016
ISBN: 1783962437, 9781783962433

Description:
THE MILLION COPY INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER

Geography shapes not only our history, but where we're headed...

All leaders are constrained by geography. Their choices are limited by mountains, rivers, seas and concrete. Yes, to follow world events you need to understand people, ideas and movements - but if you don't know geography, you'll never have the full picture.

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In ten chapters and ten maps, Prisoners of Geography looks at the past, present and future to offer an essential insight into one of the major factors that determines world history.

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A century after his death, the author reflects on the implications of Corbett's maritime strategic thought for Britain's evolving defence role, and raises some hard questions policy-makers and naval professionals alike should consider carefully. (By kind permission of the Author first published in Naval Review in Summer 2022). A 10 minute read.

This research examines the relationship between defence unification and the development of strategic theory between 1945 and 1964. Defence unification was one of, if not the defining change in British and American defence and government. Only by studying unification as a fundamental change can its integral relationship to the ongoing development of strategic thought and theory be understood. This thesis is situated at the interface of organisational development, intellectual-educational process, political-cultural-military history, strategic studies and civil-military relations. This thesis explores the fundamental structural change in British and American defence following the abolition of the Admiralty and Department of the Navy. It provides a new history of British and American defence unification. It challenges current perspectives on freestanding service ministries' function by reopening debates such as on the so-called 'British Way of Warfare' and 'Continental Commitment.' It contributes to this debate by demonstrating the impact of unification and 'jointness' on the broader British and American national understanding of naval power and maritime strategy and its relationship with high policy decision-making and defence strategy, of which all parts of defence and national security were impacted such as intelligence, wargaming, nuclear weapons policy through to new technology and issues such as space policy where unification often saw the rejection of strategic experience. This research is a contribution to ongoing theoretical debates about maritime strategy, sea and naval power, grand and national strategy based on reconsidering outdated narratives of defence unification and reopening debates that contrast the significance of continental and maritime strategies and its interface with political power, decision making and ultimately the 'battle' for a national strategy.

Genocide is, in many ways, a dogmatic concept. It has, therefore, recently been criticized as too narrow or limited because it excludes numerous victim groups and their respective genocide-related identities not covered by the definition of the UN Genocide Convention (1948). This is to be considered "an unprecedented progressive step in the history of international law" but requires adjustments and a broadened scope to include so far unprotected victim groups. Furthermore, especially with regard to Germany, discussions and reflections about genocide are very much centered on the experience of the Holocaust. The relationship between colonialism and National Socialism was already addressed by contemporaries such as Raphael Lemkin, Hannah Arendt, and Aimé Césaire. After the turn of the millennium, the question has been raised in a historiographical context. Jürgen Zimmerer and others have addressed connections, structural parallels, and direct continuities from European colonialism and imperialism to the Holocaust, especially with regard to the German genocide against the Herero and Nama in what was then German Southwest Africa in 1904-1908. ...

This was the PowerPoint I gave with my talk (which is now available online on YouTube: https://youtu.be/YwK-d1micsY), 'Why writing history matters', to the Kelas Rationalitas of Circles Indonesia (a group linked to the Sekolah Tinge Filsafat Driyakara) in Jakarta on Monday, 23 October 2023. In this talk I started by reviewing what key writers (Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Milan Kundera, Kahlil Gibran), statesmen (Thomas Jefferson) and professional historians (Christopher Hill) had written about the importance of history and the historian's task. I also referred briefly to the role history played in the Indonesian independence struggle with reference to Sutan Sjahrir's famous speech to the UN Security Council meeting at Lake Success in Long Island on 14 August 1947, which convinced the eleven members of the Council to accept the Indonesian Republic as an "interlocuteur valide [Trusted interlocutor"] and hear their side of the story rather than just relying on the Dutch delegation. I then went on to discuss what happens when false historical narratives are popularised and the idea becomes current that when sources are lacking, one can rely on the "production of history" through dreams, intuition and visions, citing the NU historian Zainul Milad Bizawie's statement in his "Jejaring Ulama Diponegoro" (Ciputat: Pustakacompass, 2019, pp.18-20), that "when confronted with the absence of sources,  it is necessary to use a different historical praxis, such as dreams and insight through a trusted individual to gain access to the past [menghadapi ketiadaan Sumber-sumber tertulis, maka perlu menggunakan praksis sejarah alternatif, seperti mimpi atau insight dari seorang terpercaya guna mengakses masa lalu]". I then looked at two cases of these false narratives spun by special interest groups (HTI, Pusat Literasi Islam etc) and individuals (Nick Pandawa, Ustadz Salim A. Fillah, Habib Lutfhi bin-Yahya) through films such as "Jejak Khilafah di Nusantara" (20 August 2020) and alternative histories (alias hoaxes), like Habib Lutfhi bin-Yahya's claim that the Yogyakarta army commander, Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Sumodiningrat (c. 1760-1812), did not die at the hands of the British during their assault on Yogyakarta on 20 June 1812, but escaped to fight another day and expired in Semarang in 1835. I considered what might be done to rectify these egregious acts of identity theft, which now involve upwards of 3,000 gravesites, and the need for those with authority to speak on these issues such as the Sultan of Yogyakarta, the Tepas Darah Dalem (Kantor Silsilah Kraton Yogyakarta), and historians with specialist knowledge such as those at the History Department of Gajah Mada University (UGM) and the Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP) in Semarang, not to keep silent. I then reviewed the role of government providing the resources and technical assistance for the publication of key manuscripts such as those recognised by UNESCO as Memories of the World (MoW) from Indonesia - namely the Nagarkrtagama (Desawarnana) (recognised 2008), I la Galigo (recognised 2011), Babad Diponegoro (recognised 2013), and Panji cycle of stories from East Java (recognised 2017), to make sure that these are translated and published and made available for the general public.

La "Superba" davvero fu importante per i suoi forti legami che aveva con Guido Gozzano, ma chi si è occupato di lui come poeta non ricorda che quei "genovesi", amici e colleghi suoi, dell'età adulta. Il suo approdo marino quindi, non va considerato allo stesso modo che per quegli altri che, già adulti, dal Piemonte(via Alessandria-Novi Ligure-Ronco Scrivia) in treno raggiunsero la Riviera e, curiosi, scesero magari a Principe (se proprio vogliamo nominare una stazione ferroviaria genovese), lasciando alle loro spalle il cielo grigio-livido che pesa su Torino per tanti giorni all'anno, ed erano più sensibili al fascino, che ancora oggi suscita in noi la vista del cielo terso che si stacca sul mare azzurro di Liguria, anche nella brutta stagione.

The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
as a result of the scientific analysis of the Soviet system of public administration
in Karakalpakstan in 1924-1941, the meaning and content of the policy of the Soviet
system as Soviet colonialism was confirmed;
the main reasons for the entry of the Karakalpak Autonomous Region into the
Kazakh Autonomous Republic are revealed;
the consequences of the inappropriate transfer of Karakalpakstan to the RSFSR
are revealed and scientifically evaluated, and the excesses in the country's internal
political sphere are recorded;
it is proved that the inclusion of the Karakalpak ASSR in the Uzbek SSR in
1936 contributed to the ideological and organizational strengthening and opened the
prospect of further socio-economic development of the autonomous republic;
the essence and nature of the trials and political repressions of the 1930s, based
on the secret system of office work, are revealed;
the regularities and peculiarities of socio-political, socio-economic and cultural
transformations that occurred in Karakalpakstan as part of various union republics
(Kazakh ASSR, RSFSR, Uzbek SSR) are revealed.

To the Church at the beginning of the 20th century, sport comes to represent a way to open up to the world outside. This is why it comes to take on an educational configuration in compliance with the traditional Catholic code. This meant that sport came to represent not just a factor of “the Catholic step into” social life, but a contributory to religious formation as well.

I n September 2007, armed guards assigned to protect U.S. diplomats and employed by the private security company Blackwater USA opened fire in crowded Nisour Square in central Baghdad. The incident wounded 24 and left 17 Iraqi civilians dead, including an infant. In the wake ofthe shooting, the press erupted with stories about how dependent the U.S. military had become on "mercenaries", particularly in Iraq. Some of the coverage focused on the contractors' aggressive tactics and how they threaten to undermine the campaign to win "hearts and minds" in Iraq. Other articles concentrated on the lack of effective oversight and legal accountability of private security forces. Still others focused on Blackwater's political connections and practices. But very few examined the larger question of what hired guns might do to democratic governance in the United States.

Since the 1990s, the private provision of military and security services has become a common feature of local, national, and transnational politics. The prevalence of private security has generated important questions about its consequences, but data to answer these questions are sparse. In this article, we introduce the Private Security Events Database (PSED) that traces the involvement of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in events in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2012. We describe the PSED project, highlight its descriptive findings, conduct a replication and reanalysis of Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski’s contract data in Africa, and compare the two databases’ coverage of Sierra Leone from 1991 to 1997. Our analysis demonstrates new insights into the relationship between PMSCs and civil war duration, confirming a correlation between PMSC presence and shorter conflicts, but questioning the logic Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski propose. It also poi...