Mineral Processing

Norouzi's Mine Engineering Dictionary English-Persian is recognized as the definitive dictionary of mine engineering up-to-date, comprehensive, and authoritative. It is unique among dictionaries in providing nearly encyclopedic discussions of many of the most important entries. Norouzi's Mine Engineering Dictionary English-Persian is vastly expanded to cover the explosion of new words and terms in Mine Engineering and as well as relevant terms and concepts from a wide range of related fields. The entries are clearly written, so that they can be understood by non-specialists (including general readers), and they feature cross-references, so that readers can easily locate all the relevant information on a topic. Norouzi's Mine Engineering Dictionary is written for the working library of a broad and diverse readership of specialists and non-specialists that includes Mine Engineers, Mine workers, Mine counselors, lawyers, claims reviewers, and lay readers with an interest in Mine engineering issues.

Norouzi's Mine Engineering Dictionary English-Persian is recognized as the definitive dictionary of mine engineering up-to-date, comprehensive, and authoritative. It is unique among dictionaries in providing nearly encyclopedic discussions of many of the most important entries. Norouzi's Mine Engineering Dictionary English-Persian is vastly expanded to cover the explosion of new words and terms in Mine Engineering as well as relevant terms and concepts from a wide range of related fields. The entries are clearly written, so that they can be understood by non-specialists (including general readers), and they feature cross-references, so that readers can easily locate all the relevant information on a topic. Norouzi's Mine Engineering Dictionary is written for the working library of a broad and diverse readership of specialists and non-specialists that includes Engineers, Mine workers, Mine counselors, lawyers, claims reviewers, and lay readers with an interest in Mine engineering issues.

Reverse cationic flotation is currently the main processing technique for upgrading fine hematite from silicates. Flotation is known as an efficient method of mineral enrichment that deals with possibly hazardous chemicals. Thus, using eco-friendly flotation reagents for such a process is an emerging need for sustainable development and green transition. As an innovative approach, this investigation explored the potential of locust bean gum (LBG) as a biodegradable depressant for the selective separation of fine hematite from quartz through reverse cationic flotation. Various flotation conditions (micro and batch flotation) were conducted, and the mechanisms of LBG adsorption have been examined by different analyses (contact angle measurement, surface adsorption, zeta potential measurements, and FT-IR analysis). The micro flotation outcome indicated that the LBG could selectively depress hematite particles with negligible effect on quartz floatability. Flotation of mixed minerals (h...

Multislice computed tomography coronary angiography (MSCT-CA) has been developed in the last years. One of the advantages is to supply information of the lumen and wall of the vessels. The aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT - CA to detect significant coronary stenoses taking as gold standard the invasive coronary angiography (ICA). We studied, after informed consent, 64 consecutive patients (50 males). First MSCT - CA was performed and afterwards with a media of 45 days the ICA. Sensitivity (SENS), specificity (ESP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and predictive precision (PP) were assessed per patients, per arteries and per segments. The SENS, ESP, PPV, PNV and PP were 96.4, 91.2, 87, 96.8, 93.5% respectively per patients and 95.7, 97, 88.2, 98.9, 96.7% respectively per arteries and 91, 99, 89, 99.6, 98.7% respectively per segments. The diagnostic accuracy decreased in patients with heart rate higher than 65 beats per minute, as well...

A comminution process is a material size reduction and separation process which is primarily used in the aggregates and the minerals processing industry. Knowledge related to equipment’s operation, raw material properties, operational strategies, control system, maintenance, etc. is needed to design a capable plant. New needs are arising from the industry for existing operational crushing plants such as investigation for improvements, upscaling, and downscaling of the capacity. The paper presents an application of simulation-driven development for a crushing plant in an existing gold processing plant. Due to the change in ore characteristics and the need for optimizing the cost of operation, it is required to investigate the opportunities for improvement and alternative options for downscaling the capacity of the plant. A systematic process for configuring, developing, and evaluating alternative concepts using a process simulation tool is presented. The results show the process of g...

The gradual increase in the exploitation of iron ore leads to a need for the disposal of tailings from its processing. One of the key features of  a granular system stacked is its moisture content. This work aimed at evaluating the use of microwave oven to determine the moisture content (following the ASTM D4643-17 standard) of iron ore dewatered tailings, for fast assessment of the geotechnical condition of every stacked layer on disposal areas. The preconized method has showed good agreement with the conventional oven method (standard assay), resulting in linear equation with coefficient of determination of 0.9953. However, the recommended method has shown less accuracy in the range of low moisture values (below 5 %), which does not represent a critical disadvantage from the point of view of geotechnical safety. The economic impact of the method advocated here will be great, since the movement of large volumes of tailings in limited areas leads to customary downtime, often resulti...

Water is commonly used as the dielectric medium in High Voltage Pulse (HVP) disintegration. It is hypothesized that deionized water can achieve better efficiency than tap water and is prevailingly used in different laboratoryscale HVP applications. Since tap water is more easily accessible and inexpensive than deionized water, particularly in industrial applications, a study was carried out to investigate the viability of using tap water in lieu of deionized water for the HVP-enabled coal desulfurization and deashing application. Three coal samples were treated by HVP in tap water and deionized water to evaluate the HVP treatment efficiencies through pairedparticle tests for density-fractionated particles and multi-particle tests for the as-received coal samples. Three repeat tests in tap water for each coal sample were performed for statistical analysis of the results. The pairedparticle tests confirm that using both tap water and deionized water can acquire a similar HVP selectivity of breakdown in high-density particles. The multi-particle tests prove that the use of tap water would not negatively affect the effectiveness of the HVP treatment of the three coal samples. Three factors are considered to make the successful use of tap water in this study: 1) the HVP generator can generate pulses with a voltage rising time of ~ 50 ns to promote the electrodynamic disintegration; 2) a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) analysis algorithm was employed to ensure that the HVP parameters setup is optimized; 3) the coal samples contain pyrite to induce HVP selective breakdown in mineralized particles.

The use of mixtures of thiol collectors is reportedly beneficial in sulfide flotation. This is becoming standard practice for many concentrators, but process water recirculation and re-use in flotation circuits may compromise the behaviour of such mixtures owing to changes in physicochemical interactions occurring in the pulp phase as a result of water quality variations. It is expected that changes in the pulp chemistry would in turn affect both the pulp and froth phase phenomena, thereby affecting flotation performance. Thus, this study considers mixtures of thiol collectors, sodium iso-butyl xanthate (SIBX), and sodium di-ethyl dithiophosphate (SEDTP) in degrading water quality. Bench-scale flotation tests were conducted on various molar ratios of the selected thiol collectors under different ionic strengths (0.0242 mol·dm−3 and 0.1212 mol·dm−3) of synthetic plant water. Increasing the ionic strength of synthetic plant water and SEDTP molar ratio resulted in an increase in water,...

Beneficiation of iron and steel slags have a great potential in mitigating high levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions owing to their high contents of calcium and magnesium. Carbonation of calcium and magnesium leaching solutions produce precipitates that promise to act as fluxing agents in various industries. There is also a need to study the physico-chemical factors affecting the extraction of these elements and their kinetic behaviour. A calcium-rich blast furnace ironmaking slag milled to 80%—75 µm was used in an experiment to study the effect of reaction temperature on the dissolution of calcium. An orbital shaking incubator was used by applying the one-factor-at-a-time method for a 2 h leaching test. Reaction temperature was controlled at 30 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C, and 100 °C at constant agitation speed of 200 rpm, 0.5 M of lixiviant concentration and solid-to-liquid ratio kept at 200 g/L. CH3COOH, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4Cl were tested individually as lixiviants. AAS,...

To increase resource efficiency, mining residues–especially tailings–have come into the focus of research, companies, and politics. Tailings still contain varying amounts of unextracted elements of value and minerals that were not of economic interest during production. As for primary mineral deposits, only a small share of tailings offers the possibility for an economic reprocessing. To minimize exploration expenditure, a stepwise process is followed during exploration, to estimate the likelihood of a project to become a mine or in this case a reprocessing facility. During this process, costs are continuously estimated at least in an order of magnitude. Reprocessing flowsheets for copper mine tailings in Chile were developed and costs and revenues of possible products from reprocessing were examined for a rough economic assessment. Standard cost models with capex and opex for flotation, leaching, and magnetic separation were adopted to the needs of tailings reprocessing. A copper t...