Macroeconomics

This paper provides useful insights on the determinants of macroeconomic variables on Islamic stock index evidence from frontier market. The aims of this study is to examine the effect of macroeconomic variables namely gross domestic product (GDP), inflation (consumer price index), exchange rate (USD exchange rate), oil price (crude palm oil) and money supply (M2) on frontier market Islamic index (FMII). This study employs Fixed Effect (FE) model of 17 countries listed under FMII. The study cover a ten (10) years period from 2008 until 2017. The study have shown significant relationship between inflation, money supply and exchange rate with FMII and managed to reject null hypotheses for the three variables. Inflation and exchange rate is negatively related with FMII while money supply, gross domestic product and oil price is positively related to FMII. However, the study fails to find any significant relationship between gross domestic product and oil price with FMII. The findings o...

SUMMARYSARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines elicit memory T cell responses. Here, we report the development of two new pools of Experimentally-defined T cell epitopes derived from the non-spike Remainder of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome (CD4RE and CD8RE). The combination of T cell responses to these new pools and Spike (S) were used to discriminate four groups of subjects with different SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine status: non-infected, non-vaccinated (I−V−); infected and non-vaccinated (I+V−); infected and then vaccinated (I+V+); and non-infected and vaccinated (I−V+). The overall classification accuracy based on 30 subjects/group was 89.2% in the original cohort and 88.5% in a validation cohort of 96 subjects. The T cell classification scheme was applicable to different mRNA vaccines, and different lengths of time post-infection/post-vaccination. T cell responses from breakthrough infections (infected vaccinees, V+I+) were also effectively segregated from the response...

Vegetables are one of the main agricultural product which can develop agribusiness and agro industry system to encourage an increase in the value of Indonesian exports of agricultural commodities. It is powered by a state of fertile land that is suitable for growing vegetables. Land conditions in Bumiaji, Batu has a fairly high slope and varied so we need a land conservation technologies in farming to sustain soil fertility and productivity of vegetables. However, farmers are generally difficult to implement conservation farming because they think it is toocomplicated adoption of conservation farming and increase the cost of their farm. This study aims to identify the level of implementation of conservation farming and analyze the effect of the level of implementation of the cost of conservation farming, vegetable production and farm income. By using analytics and analysis scorring's simple and multiple linear regression obtained the results that the higher adoption of conservat...

Whilst some literature is of the view that; it is nearly impossible to cultivate good corporate governance culture in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), others believe that new strategies of implementing corporate governance systems together with political will can deliver SOEs out of their efficiency doldrums. This paper presents a scientific analysis of the contentious view on the possibility of creating efficient governance mechanisms in SOEs, explores the effective cost for governance failures in SOEs in Kenya, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Ethiopia. The paper makes conclusions and recommendation that the determinant factor to the success of SOEs in African countries is underpinned on the response of central government to the challenges of SOEs. Structural reforms, good governance, clear objectives and efficiency requires governments to take a decisive position. As a lasting remedial action, knowing which entities and when to offload them through privatisation, is an option in address...

Most e-marketing is widely used for business activities by companies in marketing non-agribusiness products. This happens because agribusiness products have different characteristics from non-agribusiness products, that is perishable, voluminous, and bulky. Although in its development, agribusiness products can also be marketed through e-marketing. Tani Niaga is one of the e-marketing in the agribusiness sector, which managed by the Agriculture Service of Grobogan Regency (Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Grobogan). The purpose of research are to identify factors that influence farmer to use Tani Niaga. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) to identify factors that influenced farmer to use Tani Niaga. The results of research showed that the individual characteristics of farmers and the characteristics of the Tani Niaga had significant effect on using Tani Niaga. The formal education was a dominant factor in individual characteristics of food farmers whose a significant ef...

Мета дослідження – визначити проблеми та обґрунтувати шляхи розвитку сектору ринку небанківського мікрокредитування в Україні.У роботі застосовано сукупність методів наукового пізнання, серед яких методи наукової абстракції та логіко-діалектичний (у дослідженні змісту мікрокредитування); статистичний та графічний аналіз – для аналізу, порівняння і наочного відображення статистичних даних (у процесі дослідження сучасних тенденцій національного ринку мікрокредитування) та емпіричні методи досліджень.Уточнено сутнісні характеристики мікрокредитування та визначено його роль у споживчому кредитуванні. Виокремлено основні чинники, що негативно впливають на створення дієвого та якісного ринку небанківського мікрокредитування в Україні та запропоновано державні важелі щодо збільшення привабливості, прозорості та зниження ризиків ринку небанківського мікрокредитування. В свою чергу це позитивно впливатиме на розвиток економіки країни, соціальний добробут та приватну фінансову стабільність на...

The standard neoclassical Two-Sector Model of inter-regiona l factor allocation says that a positive demand shock in one region starts immigration of both labour and capital, but that the adjustment of market prices eventually reproduces the inter-regional equilibrium. In the Neo- Keynesian macroeconomic framework of this paper, however, both the initial effects of the demand shock and the adjustment path to the new equilibrium are different. Under Perfect Foresight or under Rational Expectations the factors do not move at all, but under Adaptive Expectations the factors are induced to move in the short run. However, the factors move in opposite directions: a positive demand shock causes capital to immigrate and labour to emigrate. Inter-regional factor migration is an alternative to the intra-regional adaptation of people's expectations, which is the original rationale of the Adaptive Expectations Hypothesis.

The research objective is to obtain the drying period of various capacities dryer to reach the best moisture content in the process of blocks dried chili production and gaining the consumer acceptance to the product. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors: the capacity of the material and the drying time and three times repetition. The measured parameters were changes of weight during drying process, moisture content, organoleptic tests and levels of acidity (pH). The results showed that the drying periods with best moisture in the process of blocks dried chili production are drying for 8 hours at capacity of 0.3 g/cm2, 10 hours at a capacity of 0.5 g/cm2 and 10 hours at a capacity of 1 g/cm2. The highest consumer acceptance to the product for the color, aroma and overall attributes is on the blocks dried chili with a water content of 41-60%, while for the aroma is on the blocks dried chili with a water content of 61-80%.

This paper develops a multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Turkish economy, calibrated to 2003 base-year data to scan 2003-2008. The model treats the energy sector independently as in Celasun (1986), who presented an influential, multi-sector ...

This study empirically explores the causal relationship between financial depth and economic growth in Kazakhstan. The specific objective of this study is to investigate whether the causality direction between financial depth and economic growth in Kazakhstan does in fact apply. With this aim, the data from 20 banks operating between 2006 and 2015 was used. This data was obtained from the National Bank of Kazakhstan Statistical Bulletin. Quarterly observations are collected in aggregate form during 1Q 2006 – 4Q 2015 for GDP in level and stock market index value, and individual observations from the 20 largest banks during 1Q 2006 – 4Q 2015 for total lending volume in level in percent point, and total deposit volume in level. These quarterly data are employed in the panel study framework. The results of the study show that banks’ lending significantly strongly affects economic growth in Kazakhstan. At the same time, GDP also significantly strongly affects banks’ lending. Therefore, t...

The interconnectivity of global economies has created undue uncertainties in severeal domestic economies. As a result, this paper specifically investigates the trans-Atlantic transmission of interest rate shocks with a view to identifying any macroeconomic concern for Nigeria using Annual time series data from World Bank’s Development Indicators 2020. To achieve the objectives of this study, various econometric tests were carried out on the variables such as the Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) test, variance decomposition test as well as the impulse response test. The impulse response analysis of our VAR model shows that Nigerian variables respond significantly to shocks from foreign variables. The study therefore concluded that shocks in Nigeria are mostly from across the Atlantic. In line with this, the study recommended that monetary authorities in Nigeria should base their policy making on foreign shocks with a view to stabilizing the macroeconomic environment.  

Intergenerational mobility describes how the socio-economic status of a child is influenced by his/her parent's status. Having equal abilities children from different families don't have the equal options in leading their lives. This paper articulates two estimating model namely, OLS and Quintile Regression and interestingly neither of these models is exempted from biases. The unavailability of data from two separate generations lead to measurement error and life-cycle bias. These problems can be address by considering measurement error model and taking control of parent's and child's age (in homogeneous sample). Meanwhile, the result also suffers from sample selection problem because in most of the cases the represented samples that characterize the children's and parents' statuses are not random. To mitigate the problem of sample selection a combination of Heckman- type correction method and weighted least squares is used as it produces better result(s). Th...