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2014, Philippika 66, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.
"This book is the first-ever monograph on the family of royal converts from Adiabene including the broader perspective of the cultural and political environment of Hellenistic and Parthian Adiabene. It collects, arranges and discusses all available sources on the topic. The study consists of three parts. Part 1 (chapters 1-5) is devoted to the longest ancient account on the Adiabene royalty from all ancient literature – Josephus, Ant. 20:17-96 (“the Adiabene Narrative”). It examines the Adiabene narrative as Josephus’ conscious literary product with all its rhetorical features and ideological agendas. Part 2 (chapters 6-7) deals with other sources about the family of royal converts from Adiabene. Chapter 6 is devoted to Rabbinic traditions about Queen Helena and King Munbaz. Chapter 7 discusses all Jewish and non-Jewish literary sources which refer to the resting place of Queen Helena and to the palaces of the Adiabene royalty in Jerusalem, what is more, it also provides an updated discussion of relevant archaeological sites in Jerusalem (Le Tombeau des Rois and the Givati Parking Lot). Part 3 (chapters 8-13) presents the material and political environment of Adiabene from the third century BCE to the third century CE. It discusses all available kinds of sources: geographical and ethnographical texts (chapter 8), archaeological sites (chapter 9), epigraphic and numismatic material (chapter 10), as well as onomastic evidence (chapter 11). Furthermore, chapter 12 provides a basic chronology of the Adiabene royalty in the Hellenistic and Parthian periods, and chapter 13 presents the political environment of Adiabene and Judea in the context of the international relations between Rome and Parthia." P.S. So far reviewed by K. Atkinson, Biblica 96 (2015) 635-638; D.M. Jacobson, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 147 (2015) 169-170; E. Kettenhofen, Anabasis. Studia Classica et Orientalia 6 (2015) 297-307; E. Lipiński, Polish Journal of Biblical Research 14 (2015) 201-207; D.M. Downing, Journal of American Oriental Studies 137 (2017) 428-430; E. Nodet, Revue Biblique 122-124 (2015) 634-635; K. Berthelot, Syria 94 (2017) 415-416; J.-S. Caillou, L’Antiquité Classique 86 (2017) 517-519.
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2018, Biblical Annals
SUMMARY: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the question of Jewish identity in the Second Temple Period through the perspective of the conversion of the royal dynasty from Adiabene. In this context, several conclusions are suggested. First, the main ancient account about the conversion of the Adiabenean royalty (" the Adiabene Narrative " : A.J. 20:17-96) perfectly fits the model of ethnicity (D. Boyarin, S. Mason). Although the model of dual (multiple/nested) ethnicity trips over the " breaking motif " of the Adiabene Narrative, it remains a very plausible option, especially in the light of other sources that show how the Adiabenean kings continued to properly function in the Parthian kingdom. Finally, the available sources do not contain direct evidence to support the model of conversion as a purely religious process.
2018, Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft
This paper reviews the identifications of the physical remains of the Adiabenean royalty in first-century CE Jerusalem in the light of the latest archaeological research and scholarly discussion. Several conclusions are drawn. First, it is concluded that despite admirably succeeding in changing the past perception of the archaeological landscape of the Lower City of David, the excavations in the Givati Parking Lot still lack any tangible data that could allow for a convincing identification of the recently unearthed structure as the palace of Queen Helena. Second, it is argued that Le Tombeau des Rois matches the general geographical, topographical, and architectural requirements for Helena's Monuments gleaned from ancient sources, but the most tangible argument is the finding of the unusual two-line inscription on sarcophagus no. 5029, which, if any geographical attribution of the epigraphical evidence could be allowed, is suggestive of both Northern Mesopotamia (Seleucid Aramaic script) and Jewish Palestine (Aramaic " square " /Jewish [formal] script). This, in turn, perfectly matches the historical-geographical heritage of the royal converts from Adiabene. At the same time, there is strong negative evidence for the identification of sarcophagus no. 5029 as that of Queen Helena. The sarcophagus likely belonged to a young female member of the Adiabenean royalty settled in Jerusalem before 66 CE, and most probably to one of the wives of Izates II or Monobazos II.
Parthika. Greek and Roman Authors’ Views of the Arsacid Empire. Griechisch-römische Bilder des Arsakidenreiches (Classica et Orientalia 15), hrsg. v. Josef Wiesehöfer u. Sabine Müller, Wiesbaden 2017
U. Hackl / B. Jacobs / D. Weber (Hrsg.), Quellen zur Geschichte des Partherreiches – Textsammlung mit Übersetzungen und Kommentaren I, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus / Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments 83 (Göttingen / Oakville, CT 2010) 84-100
THE POLITICAL-MILITARY STRATEGY OF ARTABANOS/ARDAWĀN II IN AD 34–37 Artabanos (in Parthian Ardawān) II, king of Parthia, has had quite a number of studies devoted to him, but in spite of this his achievements and assessment still arouse controversy. Germanicus’ intervention in Armenia in AD 18 led to the conclusion of a compromise settlement between Rome and the Parthians that secured over a decade of peace between the two empires. From his accession the legitimacy of Artabanos II’s reign was challenged by the Phraatid faction, which was supported by Rome. Artabanos did not manage to eradicate all the deep divisions lacerating Parthia, but he did achieve a substantial degree of success, eliminating the opposition of the powerful Sūrēn clan. The patent improvement in Parthia’s relations with Rome during Caligula’s reign may have to some extent been due to Artabanos’ respect for the new emperor, the son of Germanicus.
2014, Religious Competition in the Third Century C.E.: Jews, Christians, and the Greco-Roman World, Edited by N. DesRosiers, J. Rosenblum, and L. Vuong
U. Hackl / B. Jacobs / D. Weber (Hrsg.), Quellen zur Geschichte des Partherreiches – Textsammlung mit Übersetzungen und Kommentaren I, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus / Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments 83 (Göttingen / Oakville, CT 2010) 145-154
2020, Handbook of Ancient Afro-Eurasian Economies: Vol. I: Contexts
2006, Journal of Jewish studies
U. Hackl / B. Jacobs / D. Weber (Hrsg.), Quellen zur Geschichte des Partherreiches – Textsammlung mit Übersetzungen und Kommentaren I, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus / Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments 83 (Göttingen / Oakville, CT 2010) 77-84
U. Hackl / B. Jacobs / D. Weber (Hrsg.), Quellen zur Geschichte des Partherreiches – Textsammlung mit Übersetzungen und Kommentaren I, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus / Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments 83 (Göttingen / Oakville, CT 2010) 40-56
E. Carney / S. Müller, The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean
This article examines the evidence for women at the Arsacid court. Western sources report in stereotypical narratives of numerous women and concubines of the Arsacid king, of eunuchs and their power in the "harem" and a life at court characterized by intrigues and patricide. Our analysis attempts to reveal the historical reality behind these stereotypical notions in the Western sources. After an overview of the female hierarchies at the court we examine the political influence of royal women and their role within Arsacid bilateral marriage policy.
2018, Proceedings of the 10th ICAANE, 25-29 April 2016, Vienna
Paper basing on 10th ICAANE presentation, summarising the results of four seasons of field activities of the Upper Greater Zab Archaeological (UGZAR) Project in Iraqi Kurdistan.
The Lydians, speakers of an ancient Indo-European language, dominated Western Asia Minor under the Mermnad dynasty in the 7th and 6th centuries BC. The final Mermnad king of Lydia, Croesus, is still cited today as the epitome of incredible riches. Apart from the figure of Croesus, the Lydians are well known because they are famously credited with the invention of coinage, and because of the prominence of Lydian tales in Graeco-Roman literature, in particular in the writings of the Greek historian Herodotus. These, in turn, inspired many later accounts and artistic representations, including Friedrich Hebbel’s tragedy ‘Gyges und sein Ring’ and Alexander Zemlinky’s opera ‘King Candaules’. First-hand information on the Lydians stems mainly from archaeological research, as the available corpus of native Lydian texts is limited in size and genre, while later sources may show bias and distance to events recorded. This volume combines current historical, linguistic, and archaeological research to discuss the following topics: Lydian history and archaeology; language and writing; money, religion, and burial customs; concluding with the perception of Lydia throughout history. The book offers an up-to-date introduction to the Lydians, with extensive bibliographical references for further study. It is aimed at a wide audience, including general readers and scholars. A particular focus lies on the re-interpretation of the available text sources, taking into account recent advances made in neighboring academic fields in the study of ancient Anatolian civilizations.
In der griechischen Archaik entwickelte sich die Vorstellung, dass Tote mithilfe von Bildnissen (Puppen, Figuren etc.) manipuliert werden können, sei es, um sie sich dienstbar zu machen oder sie zu bannen. Ausgehend von der erstmals in den 1990er Jahren publizierten lex sacra von Selinunt auf Sizilien, einer langen griechischsprachigen Inschrift mit Opferanweisungen, diskutiert und analysiert Krešimir Matijević alle weiteren relevanten literarischen, epigrafischen und archäologischen Quellen, die Aufschluss darüber geben, wie die Griechen ihre Toten instrumentalisierten. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass der wahrscheinliche Ursprungsort dieses Ritus in Mesopotamien liegt, wo Figuren benutzt wurden, um auf tote, aber auch lebende Menschen sowie auf Dämonen einzuwirken. Wie bei Voodoo-Ritualen konnten im Zweistromland Puppen auch zu Zwecken der Heilung von Krankheiten eingesetzt werden. Matijević zeigt, dass die von Teilen der Forschung vertretene Ansicht, die Griechen hätten diesen Brauch bereits in der Bronzezeit, also im 2. Jahrtausend v.Chr. gekannt, nach Auswertung der Quellen nicht haltbar ist. Auch die frühen Epen Homers und Hesiods zeigen noch keine Spur dieser Vorstellung, hier ist der Tote immer noch grundsätzlich machtlos. Erst in nachhomerischer Zeit erlangen die Toten mehr Einfluss über die Welt der Lebenden, etwa zeitgleich mit dem Transfer entsprechender Riten vom östlichen Mittelmeerraum nach Griechenland, in denen verstorbene und lebende Menschen mittels Bildnissen manipuliert werden sollten.
This is the first draft of a paper for inclusion in the forthcoming Festschrift in honour of Stephen Album, a noted scholar and numismatist. I would very much appreciate comments and corrections from the readers to improve its content. Thanks in advance. PLEASE NOTE that having reviewed the text of this note, one of the readers has detected several typographical errors, as well as at least two wrong dates. While the former will be taken care of later, I should add that the two dates 247 SEB and 252 SEB on page 17 must be corrected to 347 SEB and 352 SEB.
2015, Philippika - Altertumswissenschaftliche Abhandlungen / Contributions to the Study of Ancient World Cultures 87
U. Hackl / B. Jacobs / D. Weber (Hrsg.), Quellen zur Geschichte des Partherreiches – Textsammlung mit Übersetzungen und Kommentaren I, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus / Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments 83 (Göttingen / Oakville, CT 2010) 104-111
2016, in: Andreas Luther / Carsten Binder / Henning Börm (eds.), Diwan. Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean. Festschrift für Josef Wiesehöfer zum 65. Geburtstag. Wellem Verlag: Duisburg 2016, 433-492.
2013, L. Dirven (ed.): Hatra. Politics, culture and religion between Parthia and Rome, Stuttgart 2013, 33-42.
2016
This thesis demonstrates that the emperor Augustus (31 BC to AD 14) did encourage and instigate marriage-alliances between Roman client kings, as suggested by the sources. Analysis of the marriage-alliances formed before Augustus’ reign reveals a number of characteristics that did not apply to many of the marriage-alliances formed during Augustus’ reign and beyond. New or modified characteristics have assisted in the determination of which marriage-alliances were arranged by the emperor. Furthermore, this thesis also assesses the possible aims that compelled Augustus to arrange or encourage these marriages, how this policy complied with the emperor’s other beliefs and policies regarding marriage in general, and whether his policy was continued by his successors. Finally the repercussions and problems that arose from binding the client kings together through intermarriage are examined and the policy assessed in terms of success or failure. The study of Augustus’ policy of intermarriage between client kings also illuminates the nature and role of client kings within the framework of the principate and shed further light on their relationship with the emperor.
(2014) In K. Rezania (Ed.), Proceedings of the Conference ‘Conceptions of Space in Ancient Religions’, Göttingen, Juni 2012, 99-113
2017, Iranica. Zur lichten Heimat. Studien zu Manichäismus, Iranistik und Zentralasienkunde im Gedenken an Werner Sundermann. Herausgegeben von einem Team “Turfanforschung“
2016, Alexander the Great and the East History, Art, Tradition Edited by Krzysztof Nawotka and Agnieszka Wojciechowska, Harrassowitz (Philippika, 103), Wiesbaden
2016
The aim of this study is to analyse the Roman-Parthian relations under Artabanos II and Tiberius, and the political role played by Armenia, focusing on the agreement between the Roman prince Germanicus and Artabanos II. A scrutiny of military and diplomatic measures taken by Rome, Parthia, and minor kings of Kappadokia, Pontos and Armenia suggests a new perspective of the Roman and Parthian policies towards Armenia under Tiberius and Artabanos II. Artabanos IIʼs triumph over Vonones compelled Rome to revise her policy toward Parthia. Arta-banos agreed on a compromise with the ruler of Kappadokia Archelaos, a Roman client king, that involved installing Archelaosʼ stepson, Zeno, on the throne of Armenia. Germanicusʼ intervention in Armenia in A.D. 18 led to the conclusion of a compromise settlement between Rome and the Parthians, securing over a decade of peace between the two powers. Zeno Artaxiasʼ coronation at the hands of Ger-manicus was commemorated by the issue of a set of meaningful silver coins.
Bibliography of 150+ years of historical research on the Seleucid Empire. Updated June 2022.
The seven articles in this volume are devoted to the discourse on cannibalism. The articles range from the earliest written sources from Mesopotamia and Egypt, the Greek and Roman evidence to Early Christianity. An article on the Aztecs provides a link to a more recent topic.
A discussion of some iconographic features of the coins of Persis.
Edited by Benedikt Eckhardt and Katharina Martin (Philippika 102; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016)
Die Wirtschaft der antiken Welt steht zunehmend im Mittelpunkt des Interesses der althistorischen Forschung. Obwohl seit Jahrzehnten vor allem um die quantitative wie qualitative Beurteilung des Handels in der Antike erbittert gerungen wird, wird in der Forschungsliteratur häufig nicht scharf zwischen Handel und Distribution differenziert. Um die Auswertung des antiken Quellenmaterials aus dem Mittelmeerraum mit dem aus dem Vorderen Orient zu verbinden, fand im April 2013 in Marburg eine interdisziplinäre Tagung statt, die sich der Thematik am Beispiel des Handels und der Distribution von Textilien vom 2. Jahrtausend v.Chr. bis ins frühe 2. Jahrtausend n.Chr. widmete. Textilien eignen sich in besonderer Weise dazu, Einblicke in die Funktionsweise des antiken Warenaustauschs zu erhalten. Zwar gibt es bereits in vielen Disziplinen Forschungen zu Handel und Distribution von Textilien, aber diese werden häufig über die jeweiligen Fächergrenzen hinaus nicht wahrgenommen. Der zur Tagung gehörige Sammelband vereint daher Analysen internationaler Expertinnen und Experten aus unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen: Alte Geschichte, Altorientalistik, Archäologie, Textilforschung und Naturwissenschaften bilden den analytisch-methodischen Rahmen. Gerade der neuere Ansatz, dokumentarische Quellen mit archäologischen Funden und naturwissenschaftlichen Analysemethoden zu verknüpfen, erlaubt einen tief greifenden Einblick in die Funktionsweise antiker Warendistribution, der Auskunft über das „Wer?“, das „Wie?“ und das „Warum?“ gleichermaßen gibt. Überlegungen zu Absatz- und Beschaffungsmärkten, Warenpreisen und involvierten Akteuren (Institutionen) geben zudem entscheidende Informationen über den Warenaustausch im engeren Sinne hinaus.
2014
Die Wirtschaft der antiken Welt steht zunehmend im Mittelpunkt des Interesses der althistorischen Forschung. Obwohl seit Jahrzehnten vor allem um die quantitative wie qualitative Beurteilung des Handels in der Antike erbittert gerungen wird, wird in der Forschungsliteratur häufig nicht scharf zwischen Handel und Distribution differenziert. Um die Auswertung des antiken Quellenmaterials aus dem Mittelmeerraum mit dem aus dem Vorderen Orient zu verbinden, fand im April 2013 in Marburg eine interdisziplinäre Tagung statt, die sich der Thematik am Beispiel des Handels und der Distribution von Textilien vom 2. Jahrtausend v.Chr. bis ins frühe 2. Jahrtausend n.Chr. widmete. Textilien eignen sich in besonderer Weise dazu, Einblicke in die Funktionsweise des antiken Warenaustauschs zu erhalten. Zwar gibt es bereits in vielen Disziplinen Forschungen zu Handel und Distribution von Textilien, aber diese werden häufig über die jeweiligen Fächergrenzen hinaus nicht wahrgenommen. Der zur Tagung gehörige Sammelband vereint daher Analysen internationaler Expertinnen und Experten aus unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen: Alte Geschichte, Altorientalistik, Archäologie, Textilforschung und Naturwissenschaften bilden den analytisch-methodischen Rahmen. Gerade der neuere Ansatz, dokumentarische Quellen mit archäologischen Funden und naturwissenschaftlichen Analysemethoden zu verknüpfen, erlaubt einen tief greifenden Einblick in die Funktionsweise antiker Warendistribution, der Auskunft über das „Wer?“, das „Wie?“ und das „Warum?“ gleichermaßen gibt. Überlegungen zu Absatz- und Beschaffungsmärkten, Warenpreisen und involvierten Akteuren (Institutionen) geben zudem entscheidende Informationen über den Warenaustausch im engeren Sinne hinaus.
2017, Von Magna Grecia nach Asia Minor. Festschrift für Linda-Marie Günther zum 65. Geburtstag
Sanctuaries and the Power of Consumption Networking and the Formation of Elites in the Archaic Western Mediterranean World. Proceedings of the International Conference in Innsbruck, 20th-23rd March 2012, Wiesbaden 2015.
Ruffing, K. & Droß-Krüpe, K. (eds.) Emas non quod opus est, sed quod necesse est: Beiträge zur Wirtschafts-, Sozial-, Rezeptions- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Antike Festschrift für Hans-Joachim Drexhage zum 70. Geburtstag. Phillipika 125. Wiesbaden, 131-141
in L. H. Feldman and J. R. Levinson (eds.), Josephus' Contra Apionem: Studies in its Character and Context... (Leiden: Brill, 1996), 187-228.
erschienen in: K. Ruffing/ K. Droß-Krüpe (Hrsg.), Emas non quod opus est, sed quod necesse est. Beiträge zur Wirtschafts-, Sozial-, Rezeptions- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Antike. Festschrift für Hans-Joachim Drexhage zum 70. Geburtstag (Wiesbaden 2018) 143-158.