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by Kelli Agee
2010, Dental Materials
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2009, European Journal of Oral Sciences
'Adhesive' restorative dentistry originated with the work of Buonocore in 1955 in bonding resin to etched enamel. Since then, adhesive materials and techniques have developed at a rapid rate. The first chemically adhesive material (zinc polycarboxylate cement) was marketed in the late 1960s, and glass-ionomer cements and dentine bonding agents have since become available. This review focuses on the latter two products. Glass-ionomer cements have a particular role in adhesive dentistry because of their reliable chemical adhesion to enamel and dentine, and because of their apparent ability to promote the remineralization of 'affected' dentine. Dentine bonding agents have undergone marked changes in presentation over the last 15 years, but all have an essentially similar bonding system, that of hybrid layer formation. However, the most recent systems have limited clinical data supporting their use.
This review discusses current trends in the development of dentin adhesives and the possibility that some classes of currently available adhesives are too hydrophilic. Manufacturers have reformulated dentin adhesives to make them more compatible for bonding to intrinsically moist, acid-etched dentin by adding 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and other hydrophilic resin monomers. These 3-step adhesives work well but are more time consuming to use and more sensitive to technique than the newer, simplified adhesives. When primers are mixed with adhesives in 2-step single-bottle adhesives and self-etching primers, the adhesives are more permeable to water and hence absorb more water over time than previous generations of adhesives. The most recent single-step self-etching adhesives are even more hydrophilic and hence more permeable to water derived from the underlying bonded dentin. This permeability can lead to a wide variety of seemingly unrelated problems, including incompatibility of chemically or dual-cured composites with simplified adhesives and expedited degradation of resin–dentin bonds.
2002, Dental Clinics of North America
2008, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
Pain is one of the most frequent reasons for seeking dental treatment and clinical observations confirm that patients complain of dentinal sensitivity under different conditions and degrees of intensity. This is a very frequent problem after dental restorations with resin composite, even when there is no visible failure in the restoration. The aim of this bibliographic review was to identify the causes of post-operative sensitivity in resin composite restorations and how it can be avoided so that professionals can use this information to reduce the occurrence of this inconvenience in their daily practice. Complete texts of relevant articles on the subject were analysed. There are various causes of post-operative sensitivity in direct resin composite restorations related to failures in diagnosis and indications for treatment and/or cavity preparation, the stages of hybridization of hard dental tissues, insertion of the material, and finishing and polishing the restoration. To avoid or minimize the occurrence of post-operative sensitivity, it is imperative to make a good diagnosis and use the correct technique at all stages of the restorative procedure.
2005, Journal of Dental Research
Pain is one of the most frequent reasons for seeking dental treatment and clinical observations confirm that patients complain of dentinal sensitivity under different conditions and degrees of intensity. This is a very frequent problem after dental restorations with resin composite, even when there is no visible failure in the restoration. The aim of this bibliographic review was to identify the causes of post-operative sensitivity in resin composite restorations and how it can be avoided so that professionals can use this information to reduce the occurrence of this inconvenience in their daily practice. Complete texts of relevant articles on the subject were analysed. There are various causes of post-operative sensitivity in direct resin composite restorations related to failures in diagnosis and indications for treatment and/or cavity preparation, the stages of hybridization of hard dental tissues, insertion of the material, and finishing and polishing the restoration. To avoid o...
1996, European Journal of Oral Sciences
More needs to be learned about the etiology of erosion lesions before they can be accurately diagnosed, confidently treated and, more importantly, prevented. The treatment is dependent on the location and the degree of erosion. The decision to treat an erosion lesion should be based on careful consideration of the etiology and progression of the condition. Reasons for restoring noncarious enamel/dentin lesions are discussed and various therapeutic measures are provided. Preventive and restorative therapeutic measures for noncarious abrasive/ erosive lesions are proposed such as: a change of dietary or behavior patterns; application of desensitization products; intensive fluoride therapy with or without iontophoresis; brushing with desensitizing dentifrices; adhesive penetration with dentin bonding agents; glass ionomers and compomers; resin composites; composite or porcelain veneers; crown and bridge work; occlusal adjustments and nightguard fabrication if the abfraction factor coincides. The clinical durability of restorative therapy and important clinical factors related to the restoration of multifactorial defects are discussed.
2007, European Journal of Oral Sciences
2012, European Journal of Oral Sciences
1994, Journal of Dental Research
2003, Dental Materials
2013, Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition
2
2012, European journal of oral sciences
This study evaluated, through microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing, the bioactive effects of a calcium/sodium phosphosilicate (BAG) at the resin-dentine interface after 6 months of storage in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed. Three bonding protocols were evaluated: (i) RES-Ctr (no use of BAG), (ii) BAG containing adhesive (BAG-AD), and (iii) BAG/H (3) PO (4) before adhesive (BAG-PR). The dentin-bonded specimens were prepared for μTBS testing, which was carried out after 24 h or 6 months of storage in PBS. Scanning electron microscopy ultramorphology analysis was performed after debonding. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to evaluate the morphological and nanoleakage changes induced by PBS storage. High μTBS values were achieved in all groups after 24 h of storage in PBS. Subsequent to 6 months of storage in PBS the specimens created using the BAG-AD bonding approach s...
2012, Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine
Several reports have indicated that resin bond strengths to noncarious sclerotic cervical dentine are lower than bonds made to normal dentine. This is thought to be due to tubule occlusion by mineral salts, preventing resin tag formation. The purpose of this review was to critically examine what is known about the structure of this type of dentine. Recent transmission electron microscopy revealed that in addition to occlusion of the tubules by mineral crystals, many parts of wedge-shaped cervical lesions contain a hypermineralised surface that resists the etching action of both self-etching primers and phosphoric acid. This layer prevents hybridisation of the underlying sclerotic dentine. In addition, bacteria are often detected on top of the hypermineralised layer. Sometimes the bacteria were embedded in a partially mineralised matrix. Acidic conditioners and resins penetrate variable distances into these multilayered structures. Examination of both sides of the failed bonds revealed a wide variation in fracture patterns that involved all of these structures. Microtensile bond strengths to the occlusal, gingival and deepest portions of these wedge-shaped lesions were significantly lower than similar areas artificially prepared in normal teeth. When resin bonds to sclerotic dentine are extended to include peripheral sound dentine, their bond strengths are probably high enough to permit retention of class V restorations by adhesion, without additional retention.
The smear layer is created on hard tissues of the teeth whenever they are cut with hand or rotary instruments. This thin (1-2 microns) layer of denatured cutting debris is very tenacious and is often the surface to which restorative materials are luted. The solubility characteristics, chemical reactivity and the structure-function relationships of this layer have not been well-defined. During creation of the smear layer, cutting debris is forced into variable distances into dentinal tubules. These so-called smear plugs, together with the smear layer decreases dentin permeability, dentin sensitivity and surface wetness. Bonding adhesive resins to smear layers appears to limit the theoretical bond strength unless the smear layers are loosened or partially removed. While confusion persists whether the smear layer should be kept or removed in restorative dentistry, removal of this layer is important for the success of endodontic treatment. Its removal is obtained using chemical solutions during root canal preparation such as Ethylene Diamine Tetra acetic acid (EDTA) preparations, combination of EDTA and sodium hypochlorite solutions, organic acids and lasers. The aim of this paper is to briefly review general concepts concerning the smear layer: its structure and composition, role of smear layer in restorative dentistry and endodontics.
2010, Annals of Biomedical Engineering
2007, Journal of Endodontics
1995, University of Manitoba
Microleakage at the amalgam restoration-dentin interface has been a major area of concern for many years. Currently, adhesive dentin bonding systems are used to bond and seal amalgam restorations to tooth structure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantitatively the effectiveness of two adhesive dentin bonding systems on reducing microleakage at the amalgam-dentin interface in comparison to the presently most used amalgam restoration sealing material Copalite varnish. Cylindrical occlusal cavities, 3 mm diameter and 3 mm depth, were prepared in 24 freshly extracted human third molars. Six samples were randomly assigned to each of the four following groups: unlined amalgam (UN), Copalite varnish (CO), and Amalgambond Plus (AM), All-Bond 2 (AL) adhesive systems. A fluid-under-pressure apparatus connected with the pulp chamber of each tooth was used to evaluate the permeability and marginal leakage of teeth before and after restorations at L6 Psi pressure. Following insertion of the amalgam restorations, microleakage (pl/min/cm HZO) was measured at 24hrs, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 months. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and showed a significant difference among the means of the groups (p<0.0001). At 24 hours all the restored teeth showed a significant reduction in microleakage compared to the unrestored teeth UN (p<0.001), Co (p<0.00L), AM (p<0.05) and AL (p<0.0001). At subsequent time intervals UN group showed a significant increase in microleakage (p<0.01). AM and AL groups at 3 and 6 months showed significantly lower microleakage than UN (p<0.01) and CO (p<0.05) groups. In this study both AM and AL adhesive systems are more effective than CO varnish in reducing the microleakage under amalgam restorations. No significant difference was found between the two adhesive systems in vitro at any intervals tested.
2002, Dental Materials
2008, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials
2000, Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine
2000, Dental Materials
Several studies have assessed the morphology and thickness of hybrid layer, the dentin bond strengths as well as sealing ability of dentin adhesive systems. However, few in vivo studies have evaluated the biocompatibility of the adhesive systems following application to deep dentin or directly to the pulp of human teeth. Many studies performed in non-human primate teeth or teeth of
2014, Clinical Oral Investigations
2008, Journal of Dentistry
2008, European Journal of Oral Sciences
2011
j o u r n a l o f d e n t i s t r y 3 5 (2 0 0 7) 2 0 7-2 1 3 Pulpal pressure All-in-one adhesives Micro-tensile bond strength Dentine a b s t r a c t Objectives: To evaluate the durability of all-in-one adhesive systems bonded to dentine with and without simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure (PP). Methods: Flat dentine surfaces of extracted human molars were prepared. Two all-in-one adhesive systems, One-Up Bond F (OBF) (Tokuyama Corp., Tokyo, Japan), and Fluoro Bond Shake One (FBS) (Shofu Co., Kyoto, Japan) were applied to the dentine surfaces under either a PP of 0 or 15 cm H 2 O. Then, resin composite build-ups were made. The specimens bonded under pressure were stored in 37 8C water for 24 h, 1 and 3 months under 15 cm H 2 O PP. Specimens not bonded under pressure were stored under zero PP. After storage, the specimens were sectioned into slabs that were trimmed to hourglass shapes and subjected to micro-tensile bond testing (mTBS). The data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak HSD multiple comparison tests (a = 0.05). Results: The mTBS of OBF fell significantly (p < 0.05) when PP was applied during bonding and storage, regardless of storage time. In contrast, although the mTBS of OBF specimens bonded and stored without hydrostatic pressure storage fell significantly over the 3 months period, the decrease was less than half as much as specimens stored under PP. In FBS bonded specimens, although there was no significant difference between the mTBS with and without hydrostatic pulpal pressure at 24 h, by 1 and 3 months of storage under PP, significant reductions were seen compared with the control group without PP. Conclusion: The mTBS of OBF bonded specimens was lowered more by simulated PP than by storage time; specimens bonded with FBS were not sensitive to storage time in the absence of PP, but showed lower bond strengths at 1 and 3 months in the presence of PP.
2010, Clinical Oral Investigations
Adhesives and lining/base materials should relieve the stresses concentrated at the tooth/restoration interface. The study aimed at comparing the mechanical properties of eight adhesives and six glass-ionomer cements (GICs). The adhesives were applied on dentin disks, whereas 2 mm × 3 mm × 2 mm GICs specimens were prepared in a teflon mold. Vicker’s hardness (VH), elastic modulus (E), creep (Cr) and elastic work (We/Wtot) were measured with a micro hardness indenter. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used to compare the mechanical properties within each materials’ type and among the materials’ classes. Enamel and dentin were used as references. Significant differences were detected within each materials’ type and among the materials’ classes and enamel and dentin. GICs were superior to adhesives in VH and E and showed a VH similar to dentin. GICs presented mechanical properties more similar to enamel and dentin than adhesives.
2018, BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
The effectiveness of remineralizing agents in reducing dentine permeability by tubule occlusion using fluid filtration device functioning at 100 cmH 2 O (1.4 psi) pressure and SEM/EDX analysis were evaluated and compared. Seventy (n = 70) dentine discs of 1±0.2 mm width were prepared from sound permanent human molars. Fifty (n = 50) dentine discs were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Group 1: GC Tooth Mousse Plus (Recaldent GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan), Group 2: Clinpro6 White Varnish (3M ESPE, USA), Group 3: Duraphat5 Varnish (Pharbil Waltrop GmbH, Germany), Group 4: Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief6 dentifrice (Colgate Palmolive, Thailand), and Group 5: Biodentine6 (Septodont/UK). Dentine permeability was measured after treatment application at 10 minutes, artificial saliva immersion at 7 days, and citric acid challenge for 3 minutes. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Dentine specimens (n = 20) were used for SEM/EDX analyses to obtain qualitative results on dentine morphology and surface deposits. Each treatment agent significantly reduced dentine permeability immediately after treatment application and created precipitates on treated dentine surfaces. All agents increased permeability values after 7 days of artificial saliva immersion except Clinpro White Varnish and Biodentine. Clinpro White Varnish exhibited significant resistance to acid challenge compared to others. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief dentifrice has a dual mechanism of action in reducing the dentine sensitivity.
2009, Acta odontológica latinoamericana : AOL
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of desensitizing agents on the micro-shear bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin. Forty bovine teeth were divided into 8 groups (n=5): G1--Single Bond (SB); G2--GH.F + SB; G3-- Desensibilize + SB; G4--essensiv + SB; G5 --ingle Bond 2 (SB2); G6--H.E + SB2; G7--esensibilize + SB2; G8--Dessensiv + SB2. In all of the groups, the desensitizing agents were applied after phosphoric acid etching and before the dentin adhesive application. Z250 composite resin tubes were bonded on the treated surface. After 24 hours, the teeth were tested in a universal machine. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). The results showed that the groups where Desensibilize and Dessensiv were applied exhibited smaller bond strength values.
The objective of this article was to investigate the effect of carbide and polymer burs caries removal methods on the bond strength of different adhesives to dentin. Resin restorations were performed in sound and caries-affected dentin, after using polymer or carbide burs and bonding with four different adhesive~Single bond, SB; Clearfil SE bond, SEB; FL-Bond II, FLB; and Fuji II-LC, FUJI!. Microtensile bond strength~MTBS! was measured. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests. Debonded surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Bonded interfaces were examined using light microscopy~Masson's trichrome staining!. In sound dentin, MTBS was similar for SEB and SB, and higher than that of FLB and FUJI. Bond strength to carbide bur prepared dentin was similar for SB, SEB, and FLB; FUJI presented the lowest. SB applied on polymer bur excavated dentin presented similar values to those of the carbide bur group; MTBS attained by SEB, FLB, and FUJI decreased when bonding to dentin treated with polymer burs; FUJI yielded pretesting failures in all specimens. Polymer burs created a thick smear layer that was not infiltrated by tested self-etching agents. The bonding effectiveness of self-etching and glass-ionomer-like adhesives to dentin decreased when polymer burs were used.
1994, Journal of dental research
Laboratory testing of dentin adhesive systems still requires corroboration by long-term clinical trials for their ultimate clinical effectiveness to be validated. The objective of this clinical investigation was to evaluate, retrospectively, the clinical effectiveness of earlier-investigated dentin adhesive systems (Scotchbond, Gluma, Clearfil New Bond, Scotchbond 2, Tenure, and Tripton), and to compare their clinical results with those obtained with four modern total-etch adhesive systems (Bayer exp. 1 and 2, Clearfil Liner Bond System, and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose). In total, 1177 Class V cervical lesions in the teeth of 346 patients were restored following two cavity designs: In Group A, enamel was neither beveled nor intentionally etched, as per ADA guidelines; in Group B, adjacent enamel was beveled and conditioned. Clinical retention rates definitely indicated the improved clinical efficacy of the newest dentin adhesives over the earlier systems. With regard to adhesion strate...
2007, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology
2010, Journal of Dentistry
2005, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials