Early Christian Apocryphal Literature

par Gabriel KEPEKLIAN, dans PINCHARD L. et HAELEWYCK J.-C. (éd.), Traditions et Traductions des textes bibliques. Études de critique textuelle et d’exégèse en l’honneur de Prof. Christian-Bernard Amphoux à l’occasion de son 80e anniversaire (Langues et cultures anciennes, 35), Bruxelles, 2023.

==The Adversus haereses of Irenaeus of Lyons is very early lost in Greek in the West after being translated into Latin at the end of the 4th century, and in the East after its translation into Armenian more than two centuries later. In the 12th century, Sargis Šnorhali, an Armenian vardapet, was the author of an imposing Commentary on the Seven Catholic Epistles, a work that went through numerous copies and three editions. In it we discovered seven quotations from Irenaeus taken from the Armenian tradition. We present the author, his exegetical catena and all the quotations of which we give the text and the translation.
=Keywords: Irenaeus of Lyons, Irenaeus, Sargis Šnorhali, Sarkis Chnorhali, Quotes, Adversus haereses, Against Heresies, Armenian, Catholic Epistles

==L'auteur a découvert sept citations arméniennes d’Irénée chez Sargis Šnorhali. Il propose une stratégie pour identifier d’autres citations patristiques arméniennes.
=Mots-clés : Irénée de Lyon, Irénée, Sargis Šnorhali, Sarkis Chnorhali, Citations, Adversus haereses, Contre les hérésies, Arménien, Épîtres catholiques
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In this paper we are researching, as much as our space allows, the way in which the multifaceted Byzantine literature is related to the execution of the state and religious functions of Byzantium. In order to reach such conclusions, we need to know to some extent the relations between church and state during the Byzantine period, but also to know the types of Byzantine literature, i.e. issues that we will address -even briefly- in the present study. We will, however, take for granted the basic knowledge of the political and ecclesiastical and cultural history of Byzantium, which is <em>de facto</em> a prerequisite for our final conclusions, as well as the knowledge of the last years of the Roman period.

Intorno al volume di Corrado Augias edito da Rai Libri. Una lettura della sua figura che non tiene conto delle pratiche innovative di cui fu promotore: un aspetto centrale già sottolineato ed esplorato da Pasolini, Alain Badiou, Slavoj Žižek, Ward Blanton

An analysis of William Foy's visions are compared with Ellen White's, noting that the two shared the same vision. Both visions are ultimately traced to the apocryphal work of 2 Esdras, popular among Millerites, allowing us to analyze how both Foy and White utilized the Apocrypha in their visionary renditions.

Counter-history or counter-narrative when history is lacking. This is not a "godspel" (from god "good" and spel "news"). Nor is it necessarily bad news or a succession of logical steps that lead to a preconceived conclusion. It is simply the result of an inquisitive mind exercising its natural faculties of thought and reflection to the best of its ability as honestly and freely as possible.

Resumen. Muchos años antes de que Cisneros empezara los trabajos de la Biblia Poliglota Complutensis, concluidos en 1517, Aldo Manucio soñó con una Biblia trilingüe, por lo menos desde la edición de su Psalterium griego, entre 1496 y 1498. De este opus magnum, muchas veces mencionado pero que jamás pudo imprimirse, al parecer por falta de condiciones económicas, quedaron tan solo dos folios, dos pruebas de imprenta que se creen realizadas en 1501. En este artículo se recopilan y analizan los testimonios conservados sobre la trilingüe aldina, los de Aldo y otros eruditos contemporáneos, además de colacionarse el texto impreso en la columna griega de las pruebas (Gen. 1.1-15) en relación con la versión luego editada en 1518. Con ello se intenta averiguar el estado del proceso filológico y editorial de la obra, en distintos momentos entre los últimos años del siglo XV y la edición final de la Biblia griega aldina.

https://www.mohrsiebeck.com/en/article/tours-of-hell-in-the-judeo-christian-and-zoroastrian-traditions-101628ec-2023-0023?no_cache=1

The Apocalypses of Peter and of Paul, as well as the Acts of Thomas, feature a visit of the underworld by their protagonist. The parallel has long been noted with the Book of Ardā Wīrāz; contrary to what has often been claimed, however, the origin of this trope can be traced in Iranian literature back to the Achaemenid period, whereas it only appears in Judeo-Christian literature at a time when Zoroastrian theological themes were exerting a discernible influence on it.

the thesis analyzes the work commonly known under the name of "Gospel of Nicodemus" and examines, in particular, the second part of the work: the Descenus ad Inferos. The purpose of this writing is to try to temporally and geographically locate this anonymous work.

L'Évangile selon Marie est un apocryphe gnostique des premiers siècles dont le texte copte a été retrouvé en Égypte à la fin du XIXe siècle. La première traduction (en allemand) a été publiée par Walter Till en 1955; la première traduction française par Anne Pasquier en 1983. Des fragments grecs plus anciens de cet évangile ont aussi été découverts au cours du XXe siècle.

(The Gospel of Mary is an apocryphal Gnostic gospel attributed to Mary Magdalene, written in Coptic and rediscovered in Egypt at the end of the 19th century. First translated in German in 1955, in English in 1979, in French in 1983. Older fragments in Greek have also been found during the 20th century. Here our new translation from Coptic to French with its transliteration and interlinear Coptic - Greek - French, edited by the Black Roses Association.)

The era in which ‘Socrates’ is thought to have emerged pertains to
c. 600-300 BC, known as “The Axial Age”. It is thought to have been
a time of some very original characters and religio-philosophical founding fathers: Socrates, Confucius, Buddha and Zoroaster.

“Yet Philo says not a word about Jesus, Christianity nor any of the events described in the New Testament. In all this work, Philo makes not a single reference to his alleged contemporary "Jesus Christ", the godman who supposedly was perambulating up and down the Levant, exorcising demons, raising the dead and causing earthquake and darkness at his death”.
Kenneth Humphreys.

This dual scenario now set up the likelihood that the grandiloquent emperor of Maccabees, Antiochus so-called IV ‘Epiphanes’, be identified with the edict issuer of the Gospel of Luke, “Caesar Augustus” (meaning that the latter would have been a Seleucid Greek, instead of a Roman).

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Since their discovery in 1945, the significance of the texts contained in the thirteen papyrus manuscripts now known as the Nag Hammadi Codices has been fiercely debated. In the history of scholarship, the texts have primarily been analyzed in light of the contexts of their hypothetical Greek originals, which in a majority of cases have been thought to have been authored in the second and third centuries CE in a variety of contexts. The articles in this volume take a different approach. Instead of focusing on hypothetical originals, they ask how the texts may have been used and understood by those who read the Coptic papyrus codices in which the texts have been preserved and take as their point of departure recent research indicating that these manuscripts were produced and used by early Egyptian monastics. It is shown that the reading habits and theological ideas attested historically for Upper Egyptian monasticism in the fourth and fifth centuries resonate well with several of the texts within the Nag Hammadi Codices.

Creative practitioners inside academia are often tasked with explaining how their embodied practices constitute research. The Peribiophoty project reverses this paradigm to ask: how does academic research constitute embodied practice?  By considering the personal and intellectual contexts (peri), surrounding academics and their biographies (bio), through audio-visual representation (photy), we investigate how academic thinking is embodied thinking. The notion that “traditional” research only involves the brain is challenged by the audio-visual representations of thoughts and ideas embedded in objects, experience, time, and interactions. Peribiophoty makes its propositions about academic thinking through embodied presence and rhythmic juxtapositions of gesture, things, place, text on screen and voice. It evokes the narrative pasts and selves of the project’s literature, history, and digital games scholars as substantively entangled with their ongoing research programs and demonstrate...

Per comprendere il senso complessivo della ricerca condotta da Fabrizio Frasnedi bisogna fare riferimento all'orizzonte cristiano nel quale si inscrive la sua poliedrica opera. Per Frasnedi la letteratura è la continuazione con altri mezzi dell'evento dell'Incarnazione. La sua consistenza è, dunque, "iconica". Essa è una "sacra scrittura" che ha il suo perno nell'esperienza della radicale finitezza dell'esistenza umana e che si contrappone frontalmente ad ogni idolatria, in primis all'idolatria del testo e della sua autonomia. The Sacred Scripture of finity To understand the global meaning of Fabrizio Frasnedi's research, it is necessary to refer to the Christian horizon in which his multifaceted work is inscribed. For Frasnedi, literature is the continuation by other means of the event of the Incarnation. Its consistency is therefore 'iconic'. It is a 'Sacred Scripture' that has its pivotal point in the experience of t...

Basándonos en sus fuentes apócrifas y en sus interpretaciones patrísticas y exegéticas, buscamos en el presente artículo analizar el abordaje que, sobre el tema de la Natividad de María, hicieron diez artistas bizantinos e italianos en otras tantas importantes obras pictóricas. Tras precisar una serie de datos sobre el origen oriental y la difusión de la homónima festividad mariana por los territorios cristianos de Oriente y Occidente, nos centramos en determinar las similitudes y diferencias que esos diez maestros exhiben en el tratamiento del motivo, y en interpretar, a la luz de sus fuentes literarias y doctrinales, los personajes, situaciones, gestos, elementos escenográficos, accesorios y objetos incluidos en tales imágenes. Además de proponer ciertas interpretaciones sobre los posibles significados simbólicos subyacentes en ese asunto iconográfico, ponemos asimismo en relación ciertos aspectos de lo sobrenatural y lo cotidiano que creemos percibir en las obras analizadas. Pala...

The new edition is a peer-reviewed academic journal linked to Saint Aphrem Theological Seminary, Ma'arrat Saydnaya, Syria. SOPJ publishes articles in Syriac, Arabic, English and other European languages related to Eastern and Syriac Christianity.

41 mann perceived an inconsistency in Barth’s practice, since Barth had opened the door to Sachkritik in his Romans commentary (even if he himself refused to walk through it, a point to which Bultmann drew attention in his review). The seeds of their later disagreement over the program of demythologizing were sown in this earlier debate over the meaning of Sachkritik. Although the term Sachkritik is a modern designation, what it designates is not.2 As both Barth and Bultmann were aware, its locus classicus is found in Martin Luther’s critical handling of certain biblical texts, most famously in his rejection of the canonical standing of James. Not surprisingly, Luther’s willingness to criticize the Bible was controversial even among many Protestants in the sixteenth century. John Calvin, for all his sympathies with Luther’s theology, refused to follow Luther in this respect. Like Calvin, Barth sought to read the entire canon of Scripture as a unity, whereas Bultmann, like Luther, sa...

Cette rencontre est ouverte à toute personne, universitaire ou non, intéressée à découvrir des recherches en cours en Suisse portant sur des textes en langue grecque ancienne. La perspective adoptée est large et comprend des approches philologiques, historiques, papyrologiques, numériques, etc.

The article explains the problematic Second Teacher episode in the so-called developmental interpretation of IGT recently proposed by M. R. Whitenton and J. R. C. Cousland. The article shows that the killing of the second teacher in the text of Gs, which is appropriately identified as problematic for the developmental interpretation, appears to be a later version of the episode that most likely already sought to supplement a more original account. In the earliest recoverable form, preserved in the early versions (Syriac, Latin and Ethiopic), the story consistently does not blame Jesus for the death of the second teacher, either in the episode itself or in the other passages. So in the earliest surviving version(s), the teacher dies but not because of a curse from Jesus. Therefore, this episode does not disturb the so-called developmental interpretation.