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2020, The Journal of Dress History
Throughout the Second World War, a wide variety of methods were used to promote the actions and characters of the aviators in the Royal Air Force in Britain. In particular, flying clothing was repeatedly included in visual representations of these aviators to encourage their recognition and appreciation by the British public. This article examines visual representations of Royal Air Force aviators and their flying clothing in material including posters and films produced for domestic consumption in Britain during the Second World War (1939 1945). It is argued that the symbolic use of flying clothing in visual material produced and circulated during this period can be divided into three categories of use as propaganda: as a symbol to aid audiences' identification of aviators; as a means to invite interest and fascination with the Royal Air Force; and as a visual representation to characterise and contextualise depictions of aviators and their surroundings. This usage served to promote Royal Air Force aviators in a manner that encouraged recruitment as well as enhanced popular support for the Royal Air Force and its contribution to Britain's war effort.
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2021, Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health
Despite a burgeoning corpus of qualitative studies of sport and physical cultures, in-depth and embodied investigations of those requiring sustained engagement with ‘endurance work’ remain relatively under-developed. These physical cultures are sociologically interesting as they often demand of practitioners intense commitment in terms of time, energy, and (for many) finances devoted to endurance-training regimes. They also require substantial sacrifice with regard to social activities and family life, even for those not competing at elite levels. The nature of endurance and enduring still remains under-researched from a sociological and qualitative perspective, however, and we directly address this gap in the research literature by contributing fresh theoretical insights and empirical data on the lived experience of endurance in two different lifeworlds: competitive swimming and distance running. Employing a sociological-phenomenological framework, we analyse and conceptualise data derived from two separate ethnographic and autoethnographic research projects, and explore interesting commonalities in the shared lived experience of endurance and ‘endurance work’ in these two distinctive physical cultures.
2020, In: WIMER, Fernando Romero; BOFFA, Natalia; SOLARTE, Adrian Cabrera (orgs.). Encrucijadas Latinoamericanas: Movimientos sociales, autoritarismo e imperialismo : II° Jornadas Interdisciplinarias de Estudios Sociales Latinoamericanos. Bahía Blanca: Ediciones del Ceiso, p. 34-66
Resumen: Proponemos debatir el proceso de desarrollo capitalista sobre la cuestión de la propiedad de la tierra durante la dictadura cívico-militar brasileña (1964-1985), movilizando las claves analíticas de la historia económica y social. Teniendo como cronología el período de 1964 a 1979, analizaremos una cooperación entre el gobierno militar brasileño y la Agencia Japonesa de Cooperación Internacional (JICA), titulada Programa de Cooperación Nipo-brasileña para el Desarrollo de los Cerrados - PRODECER (1979-2001). Con el objetivo de explorar los cerrados brasileños y generar una agroindustria como modelo de exploración y producción de alimentos, esta cooperación se firmó en 1974, durante el gobierno de Ernesto Geisel, y comenzó en 1979, en el curso de la Revolución Verde. Palabras-clave: Desarrollo capitalista; dictadura brasileña; propiedad de la tierra.
2020, Caderno de Educação Física e Esporte
BACKGROUND:This paper deals with research inserted in the field of Sport History and interrelated with socio-cultural studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the emergence of badminton in the city of Montes Claros, located in the north of Minas Gerais, from its first manifestations to its rise in the city. METHODS: An investigation was carried out in documentary and printed sources, such as local newspapers that reported various events related to badminton in Montes Claros, as well as printed documents provided by some badminton teachers and professionals present in the city. Such sources were submitted to documentary analysis. RESULTS: The first vestiges of badminton, in Montes Claros, date from 2007. Badminton had different local newspapers as cooperators for this practice, addressing different episodes in the region and allowing the conquest of space within the socio-cultural panorama of Minas Gerais. From this movement, the Montes Claros Badminton Association (ABdMOC) emerges, with the social objective of providing and encouraging the practice of badminton and parasports (parabadminton), in addition to sustaining the opportunity for a healthy sports practice. Then, with its expansion, the conception of the Badminton Team of the Athletic Association Banco do Brasil (AABB) was carried out, with a competitive sporting character, resulting in the contribution to the development of the practice in the region. CONCLUSION: Evidence of the first manifestations and increase of badminton in Montes Claros were identified, as well as the extent to which access to this cultural practice has been expanded over the last few years in the city, contributing to the local cultural development. Important collaborators who made and continue to make badminton expand and be appreciated have also been unveiled, which makes this study a pillar for future scientific research, due to the low number of historical and socio-cultural articles about badminton.
2020, Educational Psychology Review
A central factor in research guided by the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) is the mental effort people invest in performing a task. Mental effort is commonly assessed by asking people to report their effort throughout performing learning or problem-solving tasks. Although this measurement is considered reliable and valid in CLT research, metacognitive research provides robust evidence that self-appraisals of performance are often biased. In this review we consider the possibility that mental effort appraisals may also be biased. In particular, we review signs for covariations and mismatches between subjective and objective measures of effort. Our review suggests that subjective and most objective effort measures appear reliable and valid when evaluated in isolation, because they discriminate among tasks of varying complexity. However, not much is known about their mutual correspondence-that is, whether subjective measures covariate with objective measures. Moreover, there is evidence that people utilize heuristic cues when appraising their effort, similar to utilization of heuristic cues underlying metacognitive appraisals of performance. These cues are identified by exposing biases-mismatch in effects of cue variations on appraisals and performance. The review concludes with a research agenda in which we suggest applying the well-established methodologies for studying biases in self-appraisals of performance in metacognitive research to investigating effort appraisals. One promising method could be to determine the covariation of effort appraisals and objective effort measures as an indicator of the resolution of effort appraisals.