Climate Change

We analysed how policies in Tanzania and Kenya address the strategies of agro-pastoralists for coping with and adapting to climate variability and climate change, based on data from semi-structured household surveys, group discussions, policy documents and other material. Many policies indirectly address climate variability and change by focusing on drought, suggesting that some form of mainstreaming already exists. Although the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) National Communications and the Tanzania National Adaptation Programme of Action propose technological rather than social adaptation measures, they address a broader range of adaptation strategies than development policies do and can be used as vehicles for improving adaptation planning. Some policies focus on securing production and food availability but do not address access to resources, a major concern for the vulnerable. Despite overlaps, few policies focus on key agro-pastoral strategies su...

Agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate change because it faces open weather conditions. In uncontrolled open weather circumstances, it's difficult to attain better total factor productivity (TFP), which characterizes agriculture growth in an economy. The study estimated the TFP growth of Pakistan’s agriculture in first step by employing the Tornqvist- Theil index number approach for the period 1990-2019. The time series data for thirteen crops and four livestock categories from 1990 to 2019 were collected from different sources to estimate the TFP. The average annual TFP growth of agriculture was estimated to be 2.14 percent for the study period, and it contributed about 56 percent to total agricultural output growth. The results also indicated that TFP growth in agriculture sector was highest (0.05 percent) during the 1990-2000, while lowest (-2.14 percent) during the last decade. After, TFP index that was calculated in first step was used as dependent variable in se...

Rainfall behavior has been affected worldwide, probably because of climate change. In several cases, this modification generated more intense river streamflows. Risk assessment is essential to check the security of existing dams, and it provides guidance for the design of future hydraulic structures. The risk analysis approach helps new projects to comply with safety criteria, or it is a reliable method to guide the need for safety interventions or repairs and to help in the decision to increase their discharge capacity. A case study of the Santa Clara Hydro-Power Plant was carried out to analyze if there were changes in the design flood and the impact that these variations could have on the dam failure probability. The maximum streamflows determined at the time of the dam construction were compared with the streamflows found in the update of the hydrological studies. Analyzing the results, it was possible to find out there was an increase in streamflow rates. The Monte Carlo method...

54 „uniwersytet coraz szybciej staje się nie-uniwersytetem” (według socjologa G. Ritzer (Brzeziński 2015:118 )). Era tradycyjna wymagała swoich zabiegów intelektualnych, czyniąc uniwersytet elitarną jednostką wybrańców, dla których wiedza tamtejszego świata czyniła uniwersytet dostępny, na zasadach podobnych tajnej organizacji. Język, zwyczaje, „poziomy wtajemniczenia” były odgrodzeniem się od reszty społeczeństwa, wyraźnym wyodrębnieniem nauczyciela i ucznia, wyższości mistrza nad nowicjuszem. Pracownik wykonywał zlecone, nieskomplikowane zadania, a mistrz był tylko jeden. Era industrialna przyniosła zmechanizowanie i co za tym idzie – potrzebowała wprawnych rąk do pracy. Odłamy i gałęzie wiedzy przeniosły się na praktyczny wymiar rzeczywistości. Wiedza pozwoliła na przyśpieszenie życia, procesów, czas zaczął biec szybciej, synchronizacja nabrała dokładniejszej miary. Nauka potrzebna była dla rozumienia otoczenia, ale jeszcze nie jej funkcjonowania. Era postindustrialna, kontynuacj...

The Banking and Finance Industry are among the most important service sectors in an economy. It is no doubt to say that banking is the backbone of the economy. The Vietnamese economy has lots of major changes since the “Doi Moi” 1986 reform in various sectors. Among of them is the banking service, which will continue to play important roles in the whole of the Vietnamese economy. In order to establish a healthy economy, maintaining and developing the banking sector is one of the essential responsibilities. Thanks to bank marketing management that provides various framework analyses and marketing strategies, banks can switch from the difficulties and threats into strengths and opportunities.

The dynamic landscape of financial and monetary economics has witnessed an evolution marked by scholarly publications that delve into the intricate dynamics of financial systems, monetary policies, and their far-reaching implications. Employing bibliometric analysis, this study maps the trajectory of these fields by scrutinizing publication patterns, research collaborations, influential authors, and emerging research areas. The analysis of comprehensive datasets derived from reputable academic databases provides a comprehensive view of the growth trends, collaborative networks, and research themes within the realm of financial and monetary economics. Utilizing a range of bibliometric indicators and visualization techniques, this research uncovers the historical journey and prevailing patterns that have shaped these vital domains. The findings of this study hold significance for researchers, policymakers, and academic institutions, aiding informed decision-making, innovative research...

Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters in terms of human hardship and economic loss. Depending on topography, soil condition, ground cover, human settlements and other factors, flood can produce catastrophic impacts both in terms of damages and modification of the landscape. The Salerno province experienced numerous flooding events after heavy thunderstorm, that triggered intense landslides (debris-mudflow), inundations, denudation, shore line progradation, etc. Recent study (Porfido et ...

The interpretation of very high resolution seismic profiles and gravity core data acquired on the continental shelf of the Amalfi coast (Northern Salerno Bay) documents the stratigraphic architecture of a series of small fan-deltas that develop at the mouth of major bedrock streams. The fan-delta system mostly postdates the Plinian eruption of the Vesuvius of AD 79 and displays various phases of development that were ostensibly associated with periods of high sediment supply from the adjacent river basins. During these periods ...

Woodfuel that is unsustainably sourced and inefficiently used results in negative environmental and health impacts. This study assessed charcoal use and resultant concentrations of indoor air pollutants (IAP) in an urban informal settlement while cooking with a Jikokoa stove (an improved branded charcoal stove) and medium and small-sized artisanal Kenya Ceramic Jikos (KCJs). Fuel stacking was prevalent with charcoal and kerosene being used by 25% of the studied households. Cooking with a Jikokoa stove reduced charcoal consumption by 6.4% and 26% compared to small and medium-sized KCJs, respectively. The small-sized KCJ reduced charcoal consumption by 21% compared to the medium-sized KCJ. The Jikokoa stove reduced concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) by 10% and 50% and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by 6% and 77% compared to small-sized and medium-sized KCJs, respectively. The Jikokoa stove reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations by 15.6% compared to the medium-sized KCJ. The ...

Two statistical downscaling models were used to downscale regional climate change scenarios, on the basis of the outputs of three general circulation models (GCMs) and three emission scenarios. Driven by these climate change scenarios, a distributed macro-scale hydrological model (the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model) was applied to assess the impact of climate change on hydrological processes in the headwater catchment (HC) of the Tarim River basin, China. The results showed that the HC tends to experience warmer and drier conditions under the combined climate change scenarios. The predictions show a decreasing trend of the runoff in the HC, driven by the combined climate change scenarios. The results predicted an increasing trend for winter runoff however, which was consistent with the forecasts from most previous studies on other locations such as the region of St Lawrence tributaries (Quebec, Canada) and the Willamette River Basin (Oregon, USA). There was an inconsiste...

Two outstanding papers on restoration and succession are briefly discussed as model papers for the type of research papers Appl. Veg.Sci. should publish. The paper on restoration concentrates on the introduction of hay to a site in order to speed up the introduction of target species. The paper on succession discusses the importance of plant colonization ‘windows’ opened by extreme weather events for succession and for offering optimum periods for intervention in restoration practice.Some remarks are also made on the electronic availability of ecology papers.

This study was undertaken to examine the options and feasibility of deploying new technologies for transforming the aquaculture sector with the objective of increasing the production efficiency. Selection of technologies to obtain the expected outcome should, obviously, be consistent with the criteria of sustainable development. There is a range of technologies being suggested for driving change in aquaculture to enhance its contribution to food security. It is necessary to highlight the complexity of issues for systems approach that can shape the course of development of aquaculture so that it can live-up to the expected fish demand by 2030 in addition to the current quantity of 82.1 million tons. Some of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) technologies suggested to achieve this target envisage the use of real-time monitoring, integration of a constant stream of data from connected production systems and intelligent automation in controls. This requires application of mobile d...