Applied

NASA Animal Enclosure Module Mouse Odor Containment Study forSTS-107 September 15, 1999; SJSU Odor Panel DataFinal sub-project report for NASA COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NCC2-1136.February 29, 2000Daniel C. Holley, Ph.D., Gary D. Mele, M.S., Mary Poffenroth, and Cliff YoungDepartment of Biological SciencesSan Jose State University1 Washington SquareSan Jose, CA 95192-0100

Cyanophages are abundant in aquatic environments and play a critical role in bloom dynamics, including regulation of cyanobacteria growth and photosynthesis. In this study, cyanophages from western Lake Erie water samples were screened for lytic activity against the host cell (Microcystis aeruginosa), which also originated from Lake Erie, and identified with real-time sequencing (Nanopore sequencing). M. aeruginosa was mixed with the cyanophages and their dynamic interactions were examined over two weeks using atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qPCR, phycocyanin and chlorophyll-a production, and optical absorbance measurements. The TEM images revealed a short-tailed virus (Podoviridae) in 300 nm size with unique capsid, knob-like proteins. The psbA gene and one knob-like protein gene, gp58, were identified by PCR. The AFM showed a reduction of mechanical stiffness in the host cell membranes over time after infection, before structural da...

Carrageenan is a polysaccharide derived from red algae (seaweed) with enormous economic potential in a wide range of industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, printing, and textiles. Carrageenan is primarily produced through aquaculture-based seaweed farming, withEucheumaandKappaphycusspecies accounting for more than 90% of global output. There are three major types of carrageenan found in red algae: kappa (κ)-, iota (ι)-, and lambda (λ)-carrageenan.Kappaphycus alvareziiis the most common kappa-carrageenan source, and it is primarily farmed in Asian countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Malaysia. Carrageenan extracted fromK. alvareziihas recently received a lot of attention due to its economic potential in a wide range of applications. This review will discussK. alvareziicarrageenan in terms of metabolic and physicochemical structure, extraction methods and factors affecting production yield, as well as current and future applications.

An experimental analysis of imitation was conducted to examine the influence of response topography on generalization of imitation across three response types. Four children with autism were presented with both reinforced training trials and nonreinforced probe trials of models from vocal, toy‐play, and pantomime response types. The probe trials were used to examine generalization within each response type. A multiple baseline design was used to analyze percentage of matching and nonmatching responses to models across response types. This study, the first to analyze imitative response classes in children with autism, showed that imitation generalized from reinforced training models to nonreinforced probe models within a response type, but it did not generalize across response types. Thus, functional response classes determined by topographical boundaries were exhibited within generalized imitation.

The mar-sox-rob regulon is a large and highly conserved stress response network in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Although it is well characterized in E. coli , the extent of this regulon in related species is unclear. Here, the control of costly flagellar gene expression is connected to the mar-sox-rob regulon of S . Typhimurium, contrasting with the E. coli regulon model. These findings demonstrate the flexibility of the mar-sox-rob regulon to accommodate novel regulatory targets, and they provide evidence for its broader regulatory role within this family of diverse bacteria.

Experiments were carried out in conscious, chronically instrumented lambs ( n = 8) and young adult sheep ( n = 11) to investigate age-dependent renal responses to hemorrhage. Various parameters of renal function were measured for 1 h before and 1 h after either 10% hemorrhage ( experiment 1) or 20% hemorrhage ( experiment 2). The two experiments were carried out in random order at intervals of 2-5 days. There were no effects of 10-20% hemorrhage on renal plasma flow in either age group. Blood pressure decreased after 20% but not 10% hemorrhage in both age groups. Glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction decreased after 20% hemorrhage in both age groups, the decrease being greater in lambs than young adult sheep. In response to 20% hemorrhage, urinary flow rate and urinary Na+ excretion rate decreased by 40 min after hemorrhage in young adult sheep but not lambs and remained decreased for 60 min; urinary chloride excretion rate showed a similar response. In lambs but not yo...

While analyzing plasmids of Acinetobacter sp. DS002 we have detected a circular DNA molecule pTS236, which upon further investigation is identified as the genome of a phage. The phage genome has shown sequence similarity to the recently discovered Sphinx 2.36 DNA sequence co-purified with the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) particles isolated from infected brain samples collected from diverse geographical regions. As in Sphinx 2.36, the phage genome also codes for three proteins. One of them codes for RepA and is shown to be involved in replication of pTS236 through rolling circle (RC) mode. The other two translationally coupled ORFs, orf106 and orf96, code for coat proteins of the phage. Although an orf96 homologue was not previously reported in Sphinx 2.36, a closer examination of DNA sequence of Sphinx 2.36 revealed its presence downstream of orf106 homologue. TEM images and infection assays revealed existence of phage AbDs1 in Acinetobacter sp. DS002.

Purpose: Karate is one of the most popularly practiced Combat Sports across the globe and it is characterized by high-intensity activity, including explosive and intermittent actions. Cardiovascular endurance plays an important role in Karate. It prevents fatigue between two bouts, between 2 matches and between the fights High Intensity Interval Training It is a form of interval training, a cardiovascular exercise strategy alternating short periods of intense exercise with less intense recovery periods. It is one effective way of improving the cardiovascular endurance. This research studies the effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiovascular endurance in Karate Players. Method: In this study, 30 samples were collected according to the inclusion and exclusion Criteria. The exercise protocol was explained to them in details and ascent/consent was taken. The protocol was then administered for 5 weeks, on alternate days in each week. Pre and Post data collection was done us...

We examine the organizational identification of contract workers who are associated with two organizations, their primary employer and their client. We conducted a study of contract workers in the information technology industry to address three questions: (1) What are the antecedents of contract workers' identification with the work organizations with which they are associated? (2) Do these antecedents differentially predict identification with each of the target organizations? and (3) What is the relationship between contract workers' identification with their employing organization and their identification with their client organization? Results indicate that contract workers identify with both the employing and client organizations based on perceived characteristics of the organization as well as social relations within the organization. Perceived characteristics of the organization are more closely related with identification with the employer, and social relations vari...

Following the successful performance verification of NASA’s Next Generation SLR (NGSLR) prototype system, NASA plans to build and deploy two Space Geodesy Satellite Laser Ranging (SGSLR) Systems within the next few years. These new systems will use much of the software already developed and tested on the NGSLR. While many aspects of system automation were built into the NGSLR, more development is necessary to fully complete SLR system automation. In particular, software and subsystems will be added or upgraded that will close the tracking loop, manage and monitor the system health and safety, and make operator decisions all without human intervention. This poster will present the SGSLR system automation plans.