Aircraft

The production of coca and poppy as well as the processing and production of cocaine and heroin involve significant environmental impacts. Both coca and poppy are grown intensively in a process that involves the clearing of land in remote areas, the planting of the crop, and protection against pests such as weeds, insects, and pathogens. The aerial spray program to control coca and poppy production in Colombia with the herbicide glyphosate is conducted with modern state-of-the-art aircraft and spray equipment. As a result of the use of best available spray and navigation technology, the likelihood of accidental off-target spraying is small and is estimated to be less than 1% of the total area sprayed. Estimated exposures in humans resulting from direct overspray, contact with treated foliage after reentry to fields, inhalation, diet, and drinking water were small and infrequent. Analyses of surface waters in five watersheds showed that, on most occasions, glyphosate was not present ...

G protection in the 39 Gripen aircraft is provided by a full coverage anti-G suit, a pressure-breathing system, and anti-G straining maneuvers (AGSM). The purpose was to study (1) the interaction of pressure breathing and AGSM while wearing an anti-G suit; and (2) the G-protective properties of the anti-G suit alone and in combination with the pressure-breathing system. During rapid onset rate G-time profiles (< or =9 G), 10 subjects were investigated in 5 conditions: (I) sitting relaxed, without any G-protective garment; (II) sitting relaxed and wearing an anti-G suit; (III) sitting relaxed, wearing an anti-G suit, and pressure breathing; IV) wearing an anti-G suit and performing AGSM; and V) wearing an anti-G suit, pressure breathing, and performing AGSM. In supplementary experiments (n=9), the share of the anti-G suit protection afforded by the abdominal bladder was investigated. G tolerance was 3.4 Gz (range: 2.8-4.3) in condition I, > or = 6.5 Gz (4.5-9.0) in II, > or ...

The most commonly occurring allergic diseases can involve a daytime drowsiness associated with the condition itself. The antihistamines used in their treatment can also have central effects and affect certain occupations concerned with risk, road safety and maritime and air navigation. Cognitive tests, experimental studies and epidemiological data recommend avoiding 1st generation antihistamines for people who must drive regularly and/or professions concerned with safety. Although there are no comparative studies on real driving between 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines, in this type of patients there should be a preference for prescribing those with least possible central effect, especially those which are a good substrate for transmembrane transporter pumps such as P-glycoprotein and therefore have a low capacity for crossing the hematoencephalic barrier, thus allowing a broader window for therapy. In this sense, bilastine is a good P-glycoprotein substrate and shows good tole...

A abrangência da competência territorial e marítima atribuída à GNR, cerca de 94% do território nacional, a par do vasto leque de competências atribuídas, com e sem exclusividade, podem tornar lógica a atribuição de meios aéreos à organização com maior responsabilidade territorial na segurança interna, a GNR. Neste âmbito torna-se interessante perceber se o meio aéreo poderá acrescentar uma mais valia operacional e analisar a necessidade de se implementar o patrulhamento com recurso a este meio em apoio às missões atribuídas à GNR previstas no art.º 3º da LOGNR, nomeadamente: policial, trânsito, ordem pública, investigação criminal, fiscal e aduaneira, proteção e segurança, natureza e ambiente, busca e resgate, vigilância, e controlo costeiro, proteção e socorro honras de estado, defesa nacional e cooperação internacional.

Landmines are one of the earliest & deadliest devices used in military to destroy enemy targets. Mines are deployed in various terrains and hence the extraction of mines could be a challenging task. Under such circumstances, an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) with a rocker bogie mechanism would be able to accomplish the given task. Hence, a UGV with rocker bogie mechanism has been designed for the purpose of landmine extraction. The designed UGV is driven by two motors. One motor mounted to the wheels is responsible for the linear movement and the other is responsible for the steering. The rocker bogie mechanism is a six wheel standard design which acts as the suspension system that works in tandem with the dif erential and helps in rolling and maneuvering of the UGV in all terrains. The robotic arms and end ef ectors are designed for the extraction of the land mine. The End effector has two tools viz. drill bit and robotic grip. The drill bit helps in drilling all around the mine and the grip picks up the mine from the pit. The UGV is designed based on various design calculations and modelled using Autodesk Fusion 360 Software. The 3D model is further analyzed using Ansys Workbench software by simulating the various loads acting on the critical joints. At the end of the study it was found that the designed model did not prove any kind of failure during the simulations.

Almost every night, lasers pointed at an aircraft/ATC tower can lead to hazards.
Especially, during critical phases of flight such as approach, landing and takeoff.
Laser beam can cause distraction, or glare or temporary flash blindness, causing
Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) or going around. The major incidents categories
for the MID Region based on reports received directly from airlines was laser
attacks As mentioned in MID Region Annual Safety Report 2014. And because
laser incidents arise every year all over the world, we established an updated
data base including a case study and trends in the period 2013-2015 at
Cairo/Sharm El Sheikh/Luxor airports. Which identifies gaps, hazards, risk
assessment. And finally implement a plan which will allow us to mitigate and
control risks to reach acceptable level of safety.


*The objectives of the Laser Attack Safety guideline case study are:
a. provide effective coordination between all stakeholders by establishing Local
Laser Working Group (LLWG);
b. managing and controlling risk by identifying hazards and assesse risk with Root
cause and gap analysis;
c. establishing data base to provide trends for targeted airports;
d. finally, to provide Mitigation Measures and Safety recommendations to achieve
Safe operations at airports, rolling out the plan progressively to airports across
country;
RGS WG/4-WP13
-3-
e. provide guidance material for CAA to establish training campaign for pilots,
awareness campaign for ATCO and Public awareness campaign; and
f. could be used as an oversight audit tool by CAA.

Proximal lower limb amputations (trans-femoral) usually leave amputees with significant functional disturbances. This article contains information regarding three pilots with trans-femoral amputations that returned swiftly to continue their aeronautical careers despite their disabilities. Adaptations are needed in the limb prostheses to enable the amputees to access the minimally spaced cockpit.

Based on an idea born from a passion for aviation and finance, Jacques Grivel, founder and CEO of Fundo, a Swiss institutional asset manager, devised a project called JetBonds. The aim is to create an asset backed portfolio of debt collateralised by second hand aircraft, acquired at a discounted price from established big leasing companies serving first tier airlines. These assets would then be deployed in
emerging economies where perceived risks are priced into the leasing rates, bringing higher yields in an otherwise low return environment. OECD countries are facing pension issues caused by an aging population and low yields in investment grade financial product. For the purpose of this study, we focused on Nigeria, following the Government’s announcement of the launch of a leasing company and a national airline. We discovered that Africa’s heavyweight in terms of economic power and population has been a graveyard for airlines in the past. Economic, geographic and social advantages have been eroded by institutionalized corruption.
On a worldwide basis, it is an industry where the main players, the airlines, had never paid any returns to investors except during the past two years. On the other hand, all actors present in the air transport business value chain, from catering to leasing have done fairly well in this cash intensive industry where the cost of capital means survival. For airlines leasing is increasingly becoming the flexible solution of
choice for both fleet adjustment and balance sheet health. Based on predefined scenarios of acquisition of used single aisle narrow body jets such as the widely popular Boeing 737 series and Airbus A320 family, we computed the Net Present Value of those investments. Even in an environment flooded with cheap liquidity and uncertainty in residual values, we concluded that the investment model is profitable
if the strategy and timing are right. The leasing industry has become extremely competitive in mature economies in recent years. Stepping into this business without a clear strategic model addressing a niche market would be risky endeavor.
This study shows that instead of entering the Nigerian market as a lessor, JetBonds should offer financing solutions through the proposed Nigerian Government-backed African Leasing Company by issuing debt instrument. An equity stake and a presence on the board of directors would allow Fundo to stay actively involved and informed. The risk on remarketing the asset can be mitigated on concentrating on a single-aisle narrow-body aircraft in high demand and distribution worldwide.

This is the life of an extraordinary Messerschmitt Bf 109 G test pilot of the MGW Győr, Hungary. Ottó Lukács was an extraordinary person, because he flew the first Bf 109 combat sortie of the Royal Hungarian Air Force on 15 October, 1942 over the Estern Front.  He flew 93 combat sorties between 3 August 1942 and 19 July, 1943 over the Eastern Front (the first 25 were flown with Re.2000). From July, 1943 till the end of the war, he was a test pilot of the MWG, passed away in 1999. The paper was published in the 38th issue of Győri Tanulmányok (Győr Studies) in 2017, pp. 113-120. Unfortunately the photos were published separately.

Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), and in particular its tri-ortho substituted isomer (o,o,o-TCP), has been frequently used in aircraft engine oil. Bleed air, provided to the flight deck and cabin can contain traces of TCP. TCP can cause neurotoxic effects in humans. Regularly, airline pilots complain about loss of memory , headaches, dizziness, tunnel vision and other neurotoxic effects. The concentrations of TCP reported in flight deck air (max. ca. 50–100 ng m À3 total TCP) do not exceed provisional toxicity thresholds. These thresholds, however, contain a very high uncertainty and need further underpinning. The many non-detects and relatively low TCP concentrations reported suggest that TCP on its own is not likely to be responsible for the reported health problems of pilots. Specific conditions in air planes and other toxic compounds present in bleed air, whether or not in combination with TCP, may be responsible for the reported neurotoxic syndromes. Sensitivity of individuals seems to be an important factor as well. The clinical signs observed with a selected group of pilots are serious enough to call for further elucidation of this issue.

BACKGROUND Comfort is an important factor in the acceptance of transport systems. In 2010 and 2011, the European Commission (EC) put forward its vision for air travel in the year 2050 which envisaged the use of in-flight virtual reality. This paper addressed the EC vision by investigating the effect of virtual environments on comfort. Research has shown that virtual environments can provide entertaining experiences and can be effective distracters from painful experiences. OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which a virtual environment could distract people from sources of discomfort. METHODS Experiments which involved inducing discomfort commonly experienced in-flight (e.g. limited space, noise) in order to determine the extent to which viewing a virtual environment could distract people from discomfort. RESULTS Virtual environments can fully or partially distract people from sources of discomfort, becoming more effective when they are interesting. They are also more effective at ...

A new impulse for an uniform law convention on aerial collision should consider liability implications of ATC and collision avoidance systems, as well as those of automated flight technologies, beyond the need for coordination with legal regime of damages to third parties on surface. Furthermore, it would be advisable to insert (like in other conventions on aviation law) provisions on jurisdiction. As an area which falls within the competence of the European Union is concerned, the new convention shall be open to signature of regional integration organizations.

Un eventuale nuovo impulso per una disciplina di diritto uniforme del-l‟urto dovrebbe considerare, oltre la necessità di un coordinamento con la di-sciplina dei danni a terzi in superficie, anche le implicazioni, in termini di re-sponsabilità, delle attività dei servizi della navigazione aerea e degli apparati per la separazione degli aeromobili, come del volo automatico. Inoltre, sarebbe op-portuno inserire (come in altre convenzioni di diritto aeronautico) previsioni in tema di giurisdizione. Essendo quest‟ultima fra le materie che ricadono nelle competenze dell‟Unione europea, occorrerebbe che la convenzione fosse aperta alla firma anche delle organizzazioni di integrazione regionale.